Bone and Joint Pain

The agility of the human body is based on its bone strength and flexibility in its joints. The complex human musculoskeletal system is more than a framework – a click here and clack there can mount extreme pressure on joints and cause intense pain in these ‘fragile structures.’ If you are experiencing joint pains, even sporadically – it’s time you take charge of your bone health.

Joint and bone pain can either be experienced at one particular joint or felt simultaneously in various parts of the body. The major contributing factors behind intense pain in bone joints could be many - including slowing down metabolism with age, chronic bone-related conditions, stress, and depleting calcium levels in women, especially post-menopause.

What Causes Bone and Joint Pains?

Joint and bone pain causes can be due to various factors, including injury, inflammation, overuse, or underlying medical conditions. Injuries like fractures and sprains, conditions like arthritis, and infections can all contribute to discomfort in the bones and joints. Understanding the specific bone pain causes are essential for effective diagnosis and treatment.

Arthritis: Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis, often affecting wrists, hips, hands, and knees

Bursitis: Inflammation of the soft pad-like structures around the joints

Gout: Build-up of uric acid in joints

Tendinitis: Swelling of tendons

Fibromyalgia: Extreme tenderness in joints

Osteoporosis: Porous bones due to lack of strength

Chondromalacia: Damage to the cartilage in the kneecap Infections affecting bones and joints

Obesity

Injuries due to sudden fall or accident

Calcium and deficiency of various nutrients and minerals

What Are The Symptoms of Joint Pains?

When you suddenly experience acute pain in multiple joints, it's often due to inflammation, gout, or the beginning of a chronic joint issue. If the bone pain symptoms continues over time, it's usually linked to conditions like osteoarthritis, inflammatory disorders (like rheumatoid arthritis), or, in children, juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Joint pains often present with the following symptoms:

• Swelling
• Stiffness
• Difficulty and pain while moving, bending, and stretching the arms legs
• Loss of motion
• Redness on the skin around joints that is warm touch and swelling would require immediate medical attention

How Is Bone and Joint Pain Diagnosed?

There are many reasons behind bone and joint pains. The diagnosis aims to identify the underlying cause before starting the treatment plan for alleviating pain.

Physical examination is the first step, where your doctor would understand the precise location of the pain, intensity, and other associated symptoms.

Blood work is often recommended to check for vitamin deficiencies, infections, and other disorders that might disrupt bone health. A urine study is prescribed if the doctor suspects abnormalities in the bone marrow or a case of bone cancer.

Advanced imaging tests, including X-rays, MRI, CT scan, Bone Scans, Arthrography, Discography, Doppler Ultrasound, and Peripheral Bone Density Testing would help further evaluate and identify injuries, lesions, or even tumours within the bones.

How Is Bone and Joint Pain Treated?

If not addressed on time, joint pains can turn excruciatingly painful and chronic and interfere with the quality of your life. The Department of Orthopedics care at Gleneagles Hospital Mumbai, equipped with state-of-the-art infrastructure, ensures accurate diagnosis and the best orthopedic care in India. The department offers highly advanced, minimally invasive surgical procedures, including arthroscopy, arthroplasty, and total knee and hip replacement.

However, let us assure you that not all joint pains would require surgical intervention. The team of extensively trained doctors and paramedical staff will assist you at every juncture till the treatment is complete, and you are free from pain.

The following protocol goes into treating joint pains:

• Pain medications
• Nutritional supplements
• Physiotherapy and rehabilitation
• Changes in lifestyle and eating habits
• Minimally invasive procedures

When To Visit Doctor?

Do not delay your doctor visits. Seek medical help if the pain is disrupting your daily activities. If you are experiencing joint pains along with fever, sudden loss of weight, or changes in gait – ask for urgent medical intervention.

Book an appointment with our doctors at the Department of Orthopaedics & Joint Replacements. 

Overview

A brain aneurysm, also known as an intracranial aneurysm, refers to a bulge in the blood vessels navigating across the cognition centre of the body. This condition develops due to weak blood vessel structures, which puff up like a balloon and get packed with blood. In most cases, a brain aneurysm does not show symptoms or adverse reactions and thus can be treated with appropriate medications and surgery. But a brain aneurysm leaks or ruptures and can cause severe bleeding within cerebral tissues, leading to haemorrhagic stroke. This life-threatening problem results in continuous throbbing headaches and needs immediate medical attention.

Symptoms Of Brain Aneurysm

The symptoms and signs of a brain aneurysm differ based on whether it has ruptured or not.

Unruptured Aneurysms

A small aneurysm doesn't usually cause any visible signs, but an aneurysm that grows large may start to press surrounding nerves and tissues, resulting in symptoms. About 10-15% of unruptured aneurysms cause symptoms that include:

• Headache or pain in the eye
• Weakness or numbness on one side of the face
• Blurred vision
• Dilated pupil

Get immediate medical help if you experience any of these symptoms

Leaking Aneurysms

An aneurysm can, at times, leak and release a minimal amount of blood into the brain. If brain aneurysm leaks, then you may experience a sudden, severe headache, and it is called a sentinel headache.
Sentinel headaches may occur weeks before the brain aneurysm ruptures completely. Thus, if you experience a sudden, intense headache, mainly if it develops with other aneurysm symptoms, seek immediate medical help.

Ruptured Aneurysms

Symptoms of ruptured brain aneurysm include:

• Sudden, splitting and intense headache
• Neck stiffness
• Blurred vision
• A drooping eyelid
• Trouble speaking
• Dizziness
• Nausea or vomiting
• Seizures
• Loss of consciousness

A ruptured aneurysm is a deadly condition. Rush for emergency medical care right away if you experience one or more of these symptoms.

Causes Of Brain Aneurysm

Brain aneurysms develop due to structural changes in the walls of an artery in the brain. These changes result in the walls of the artery becoming weaker and thinner. But occasionally, inflammation or any trauma can cause deformity without thinning.

It's still not clear what exactly causes an aneurysm, but experts believe that one or combination of the below factors may promote:

• Breakdown of elastic tissue within artery
• Stress due to blood flow via an artery
• Tissues changes in the artery due to inflammation

Diagnosis of Brain Aneurysm

Your doctor would ask for a complete history of symptoms, and family medical history, besides the severity of the headaches and if they began suddenly. Several diagnostics tests are suggested to determine the exact location and extent of damage to the brain aneurysm. These includes:

Cerebrospinal Fluid Test

In this test, a sample of cerebrospinal fluid is collected from the patient and evaluated for any indications of ruptured aneurysms. Imaging analyses can visualize brain tissues and arteries for the presence of an aneurysm.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

During this diagnostic procedure, radio waves and magnetic fields are used to produce images of the brain. It's mainly beneficial for detecting and evaluating unruptured aneurysms

Computed Tomography (CT)

A CT scan takes several X-rays to produce horizontal pictures of the brain. The CT scan helps detect bleeding in the brain due to leaking or ruptured aneurysms.

Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)

A minimally invasive procedure, a thin, flexible tube called a catheter is inserted into an artery in the groin that is then slowly guided into the brain. A special dye is released as it reaches the brain via the catheter. A computer produces X-ray images before and after the application of the dye.

Treatment for Brain Aneurysm

The treatment mode for a brain aneurysm can differ based on several factors, including:

• Location and size of the aneurysm
• Age and overall health
• Personal and medical history
• If the aneurysm is at the risk of a rupture or has already ruptured

Surgery for Brain Aneurysm

If the brain aneurysm is easily reachable, then surgery can repair or cut off blood flow to the aneurysm; this can avert growth, rupture, or recurrence.

Surgical clipping is a procedure where the blood flow to an aneurysm is cut off using a small metal clip. This procedure seals off the aneurysm, averting further growth or rupture. This is open brain surgery and is done under general anesthesia.

Endovascular coiling is another surgical procedure that is less invasive than surgical clipping. A coiling catheter is inserted into an artery in the groin and threaded to the brain. Then catheter releases tiny coils of wire into an aneurysm that helps to block blood flow.

Flow Diverters

A flow diverter is a device similar to the stents that are used for artery blockages in the heart. It is used when an aneurysm is large or cannot be treated using surgical techniques. It is a less invasive procedure where a catheter is inserted into an artery in the groin, threading to the region of the aneurysm. When the catheter is in place, the flow diverter is placed into the artery in which the aneurysm develops. The flow diverter works to redirect the blood away from the aneurysm, which helps to avert it from further growing or rupturing. This procedure is generally safe and effective for treating brain aneurysms.

Where To Get Help:

Consult our team of renowned experts at the Neurology department at Gleneagles Hospital to get dedicated care and treatment to manage brain aneurysms

Book an appointment with the Best Neurologist in Mumbai at Gleneagles Hospital, Parel.

Overview

Gastroenteritis is referred as an inflammation and infection of the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach and intestines. Diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are the most common symptoms of gastroenteritis. It is accompanied by fever, fatigue, and dehydration, and symptoms usually last for less than two weeks. It is often called stomach flu, which develops through contact with an infected person or contaminated food or water. A majority recover without complications, but it can become fatal in infants, older adults, and those with a compromised immune system. There is no effective treatment plan for gastroenteritis. Thus prevention is the key strategy which includes regular hand washing and avoiding contaminated food and drinks.

What is Acute gastroenteritis?

Acute gastroenteritis is an infectious disease that causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. This condition develops when a person eats food or drinks contaminated by pathogens. It usually lasts for lesser than 14 days when compared to persistent gastroenteritis, which lasts between 14 and 30 days.

Symptoms Of Gastroenteritis

The significant symptoms of gastroenteritis are watery diarrhea and vomiting. Some of the other symptoms that are generally visible after 2-3 days of infection and last for 1 to 10 days include:

• Abdominal pain or cramps
• Fever with chills
• Poor appetite
• Bloating
• Nausea
• Headache
• Body aches, muscle pain, or joint pain

Seek immediate medical care if the symptoms get worsen, such as:

• Diarrhea that lasts for more than three days
• Bloody stools
• Severe dehydration
• Causes Of Gastroenteritis

There are several ways gastroenteritis can spread, which include:

• Contact with an infected person
• Having contaminated food or water
• Eating undercooked food
• Soiled hands after using the bathroom or changing a diaper

Well, the most common cause of gastroenteritis is viruses. In many cases, Rotavirus is the leading cause of diarrhea in infants and children, while norovirus is the typical cause of a severe form of gastro infection in adults.

Though not very common, bacteria like E. coli and Salmonella can trigger infection. Salmonella and campylobacter are the most common bacterium that can cause gastroenteritis, and this typically spreads via undercooked poultry or eggs. Salmonella can also spread through pet reptiles or live poultry farms.

Shigella is another bacterium that causes gastroenteritis, spreading from person to person, and common mediums of infection are soiled food and contaminated water.

Though parasites can also cause gastroenteritis, it's less common. And you can get infected from giardia and cryptosporidium in a contaminated swimming pool or by drinking contaminated water.

Other less common ways to get gastroenteritis include:

• Drinking water containing heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, etc
• Consuming excess amounts of acidic foods like citrus and tomatoes
• Toxins present in certain seafood
• Certain medications such as antibiotics, antacids, laxatives, and chemotherapy drugs

Treatment For Gastroenteritis

The main aim of the treatment of gastroenteritis in both children and adults is rehydration. This can be achieved by:

• Giving a child ORS (oral rehydration solution)
• Adults should be encouraged to drink plenty of clear fluids in small amounts and for the frequent duration
• As symptoms get better
• Slowly start to introduce food back into the diet
• Begin with soft, bland easy to digest foods like bread, toast, rice, crackers, and bananas
• Limit dairy, caffeine, and alcoholic beverages until completely recovered

When To Seek Immediate Medical Help:

• If vomiting in adults or children aged two or above lasts for more than one day
• Fever
• Frequent severe diarrhea that lasts for more than two days
• Children below two years had vomiting or diarrhea for more than 12 hours
• When vomiting or diarrhea turns bloody
• Patients with kidney, liver, or heart disease must restrict fluid intake
• When a person develops sudden intense abdominal pain
• With symptoms of severe dehydration
• If symptoms don't settle after a week

Dehydration with the following symptoms should be treated in emergency medical care:

• Anuria (little to no urination)
• Intense thirst
• Dry mouth
• Sunken eyes
• Dizziness
• Blurred vision
• Trouble swallowing
• Breathing difficulty
• Muscle weakness

Prevention of Gastroenteritis

Following some of the preventive measures can prevent the spread of gastroenteritis:

• Getting your child vaccinated
• Washing hands thoroughly after using the toilet, changing diapers, and before cooking or eating food
• Avoid sharing utensils, glasses, and plates, and use separate bath towels
• Keep sanitizing wipes and hand sanitizer handy
• Disinfect hard surfaces in the home if someone at home has gastroenteritis
• Avoid touching soiled laundry and wash clothing and bedding in hot water and dry them well

Where To Get Help:

Consult our team of eminent Gastroenterologists at the Department of Gastroenterology, Gleneagles Hospital, Mumbai to get specialized care and treatment to manage gastroenteritis effectively.

Book an appointment with the Best Gastroenterologists in Mumbai at Gleneagles Hospital, Parel.

What Is Cardiac Arrest?

Cardiac arrest is a sudden loss of heart function triggered by irregular and erratic heart rhythms. When the heart stops, the breathing stops instantly, making the person lose consciousness and could be fatal. However, contrary to popular belief - heart attack and cardiac arrest are not the same and are two different health conditions.

While heart attacks can present with some warning signs and symptoms, the latter can happen instantly without leaving much time for treatment. In addition, in some instances, a severe heart attack can trigger a change in the heart's electrical activity, causing a cardiac arrest.

Cardiac arrest, heart failure, heart attack, or other heart conditions demand urgent medical and surgical intervention. Do not ignore typical signs of heart condition, including breathing difficulties, excessive sweating, pain, and weakness in the left arm. Seek immediate help. Remember, reaching out to emergency care right in time helps prevent an impending heart condition and helps in saving a life.

What Are The Symptoms of Cardiac Arrest?

Unlike a heart attack, a cardiac arrest is more like a 'silent killer' that doesn't present with any warning signs or symptoms. The signs are almost instant; in many cases, the heart function stops even before the patient makes a self-observation and alerts the family or friends around.

A few classic signs of cardiac arrest include sudden collapse, no breathing and pulse, and loss of consciousness. However, some patients might experience sudden discomfort in the chest, weakness on one side of the body, irregular heartbeat, dizziness, and wheezing, accompanied by flutters and palpitations, and shortness of breath.

If you notice any of the following symptoms, seek doctor’s help instantly. These signs can be intense, severe and aggressive and may leave a little chance to respond. Remember, every second counts.

• Sudden collapse
• Loss of pulse
• No breathing activity
• Loss of consciousness
• Intense discomfort and tightness in chest
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue
• Fluttering and fast beating sensations in the heart

During cardiac arrest, the lack of heart activity blocks the supply of oxygen-rich blood to the body, leading to death or irreversible brain damage almost instantaneously.

Though treating a cardiac arrest patient is extremely time-sensitive, there are many cases where patients get resuscitated within the next few minutes, undergo subsequent treatment and continue to live healthy.

What Causes Cardiac Arrest?

Cardiac arrest is the most unpredictable heart condition; to know more about this, let us learn about the triggers. One of the chief cardiac arrest causes is fluctuations or disruptions in the electrical signals, which play a pivotal role in regulating the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat. When these electrical signals erode, the heart starts beating either faster or too slowly, often uncoordinated.

In medical language, an irregular heartbeat is termed an arrhythmia. While some arrhythmias are harmless and do not disrupt heart functions, other types can lead to cardiac arrest.

These sudden fluctuations in the heart's electrical activity disrupt and stop the heart's ability to pump blood, and the flow to other body parts gets stopped instantly. Patients with a history of various heart conditions, including Coronary Artery Disease, Heart Attack, Enlarged Heart, Heart Valve Disease, and Congenital Heart problems, are at risk of cardiac arrest.

Other risk factors include a family history of heart disease, uncontrolled high blood pressure, diabetes, sleep apnea, kidney disease, being overweight, sedentary lifestyle; stress can also lead to cardiac arrest.

Rare genetic disorders like Long QT Syndrome and Brugada Syndrome can cause irregular heartbeat. If you are diagnosed with the Long QT gene, talk to your cardiologist about ways to prevent the risk of cardiac arrest.

The Department of Cardiology at Gleneagles Hospital, Mumbai, helmed by renowned Cardiologists, Cardiothoracic Surgeons, and extensively trained paramedics, functions round-the-clock and is equipped with state-of-the-art infrastructure facilities to meet all kinds of cardiac emergencies.

How Is Cardiac Arrest Treated?

Time is an imperative factor in cardiac arrest treatment. Patients who receive instant treatment can survive a cardiac arrest. The chief treatment protocol of cardiac arrest treatment involves Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation or CPR, which can bring the heartbeat back and prevent death. Doctors would use an automated external defibrillator to rest the heart rhythm.

However, if you notice someone falling unconscious suddenly with a lack of breathing, rush for emergency medical help. One of the most recommended lifesaving methods by cardiologists as a part of cardiac arrest treatment plan till the patient reaches the hospital is providing hard chest compressions with palms, allowing the chest to rise between each contraction. Persistent, hard compressions aid in maintaining a rhythm and consistency till the proper medical help arrives.

Once the patient gets stabilized, medicines are administered to manage symptoms and irregular heartbeats and prevent another unpredictable cardiac event. Further treatment can include heart surgery or other cardiac procedures depending on the underlying condition.

Treatment For Cardiac Arrest:

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) or a Pacemaker continuously monitors the heart rhythm. The device not only helps in noticing the irregular heartbeat but also triggers the shocks to reset the rhythm and prevent cardiac arrest.

Surgical Procedures To Treat Cardiac Arrest:

Coronary Angioplasty to clear clogged heart arteries.

Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery, or CABG, restores blood flow to the heart via a new pathway created around a blocked artery.

Radiofrequency Catheter ablation treats the block in the pathway of the heart signalling, by creating small scars in the heart with radiofrequency energy, preventing irregular heart signals.

Corrective Heart Surgery is an option for patients born with heart problems, diseased heart muscle, and heart valve disease.

How To Prevent Cardiac Arrest?

A cardiac arrest can be prevented by maintaining a healthy heart. Do the following to be hale and hearty.

• Eat nutritious food. Avoid fatty, processed foods. Instead, include fresh vegetables, fruits, and protein in your daily diet.
• If you are a smoker, quit right now.
• Keep your blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes under control.
• Workout or go for an hour walk daily to keep the heart healthy
• Take your doctor's appointment and regular medications.
• Get your annual check-up done with success.
• If you have a family history of cardiac arrest, get a periodical check-up.

Cardiac Services At Gleneagles Hospital, Mumbai:

The Cardiac Care Services provided at the Gleneagles hospital are extensive, unparalleled, and aligned with international standards in cardiac care. Talk to our renowned Cardiologists, Cardiothoracic surgeons, and other multidisciplinary experts for the best treatment options.

Conclusion:

Cardiac arrest is a sudden heart condition where the heartbeat stops abruptly, causing immediate death or irreversible damage to the brain. It can be fatal almost instantly if not intervened with aggressive and faster medical treatment.

Cardiac arrest doesn't present with any initial symptoms; however, if you notice uneasiness in the chest, discomfort, dizziness, or shortness of breath, ask for urgent medical help. Immediate CPR restores the heart rhythm; however, if the medical service is not reachable in the next few minutes, continue providing hard chest compressions with palms till you reach the hospital.

Equipped with cutting-edge medical services, the cardiac care services at Gleneagles Hospital provides seamless service to heart patients.
 

Fatty liver disease, also known as Hepatic Steatosis, is a chronic condition where fat accumulates in the liver, eventually interfering with the optimal functioning of this vital organ. The liver stores fat in small amounts, and this second largest organ responsible for more than 500 functions are crucial in filtering harmful substances and purifying the blood.

This chronic condition results from too much fat accumulation in the organ, which causes inflammation, damage the organ, and creates scarring. If not addressed medically with strategic treatment options, it can cause liver failure.

It is often believed it is diagnosed only in alcoholics, but that’s not true. This life-threatening condition can affect non-alcoholics too. If diagnosed in an alcoholic, it is known as Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD), and in non-alcoholics, it is termed Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).

What Are The Reasons For Fatty Liver/ What Causes Fatty Liver?

The reasons for fatty liver disease is the result of an excess fat build-up in the liver cells. Too much consumption of alcohol leads to Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease as it interferes with the metabolic functioning of the organ. In addition, when specific components present in liquor combine with fatty acids, it forms fat deposits in the liver.

In non-alcoholics, the reasons behind Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease often involve excessive fat deposits or the body’s inability to metabolize the fats effectively. Other common reasons for fatty liver disease include:

• Overweight or obesity
• Insulin resistance
• Type 2 diabetes
• Uncontrolled triglycerides in the blood
• Family history of chronic liver conditions
• Exposure to certain toxins
• Metabolic syndrome
• Changes in pregnancy
• Long-term use of medications
• Infections like Hepatitis C
• Genetic conditions like Wilson disease or Hypobetalipoproteinemia

What Are The Symptoms of Fatty Liver?

The progression of fatty liver diseases is in 4 stages.

Simple Fatty Liver: In this stage, the liver has an excess build-up of fat. It can be treated with lifestyle and dietary changes and is harmless if controlled.

Steatohepatitis: Besides excessive fat, the liver also suffers from inflammation in this stage.

Fibrosis: Inflammation, if not treated on time, can lead to scarring but will not interfere with the functioning of the liver.

Cirrhosis: The last stage of fatty liver disease, the scarring spreads across the organ. It is irreversible, and a liver transplant is the only treatment to save a life.

Both AFLD and NAFLD present with similar symptoms. Most patients do not experience any noticeable signs at the initial stages, but as the disease progresses, the following symptoms occur:

• Severe pain in the abdominal region, on the right side just down the rib cage
• Loss of appetite
• Yellow skin and eyes
• Unintentional weight loss
• Dark coloured urine and pale stools
• Continuous fatigue and weakness
• Itchy skin
• Nausea
• Edema or swelling in the legs
• Confusion and disorientation
• Enlargement of breast region in men

Is Fatty Liver Dangerous?

AFLD or NAFLD, if diagnosed in the early stage, can be treated effectively with the help of medications, lifestyle, and dietary changes. Patients with AFLD should cut down on alcohol consumption.

If not treated on time and the fat accumulates, it will ultimately lead to Cirrhosis or complete scarring of the liver. It also leads to complications related to other organs like the heart and can cause diabetes, stroke, and heart attack. The symptoms become worse and are fatal. At this stage, the patient would require a liver transplant.

How To Reduce Fatty Liver?

• Eat a healthy diet. Include a plant-based diet with fresh vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and healthy fats.
• Stay away from saturated fats and processed foods.
• Maintain a healthy weight and the right BMI. Check your calorie intake daily.
• Make workouts a daily habit. Walking, jogging, swimming, and cycling ensure your overall well-being. Regular exercise brings down excessive weight, thus improving the symptoms.
• Cut down on alcohol. Do not smoke.

The Department of Hepatology at Gleneagles Hospital offers extensive liver care. The department houses eminent hepatologists and transplant surgeons supported by highly efficient paramedical staff. The latest, advanced medical advancements powered by international standards ensure faster and overall treatment for patients suffering from various liver conditions.

Will Exercise Help Patients With Fatty Liver Disease?

Yes. An active lifestyle, with dietary changes, aids in combating fatty liver disease effectively. If you are obese, shed those extra kilos. An increased metabolic activity keeps your liver happy, thus contributing to your physical wellness.

Conclusion:

The liver is one of the primary organs responsible for more than 500 bodily functions. When fat accumulations invade this vital organ, the physical wellbeing goes for a toss. Known as AFLD (in alcoholic patients and NAFLD (in non-alcoholic patients), fatty liver disease can lead to innumerable complications like excruciating pain in the abdominal region, yellow eyes and skin, itchiness, nausea, and loss of weight.

The fatty liver disease progresses in four stages - Simple Fatty Liver, Steatohepatitis, Fibrosis, and Cirrhosis. In the final stage, Cirrhosis scarring invades the liver, ultimately compromising liver function, and this condition is irreversible.

Fatty liver disease should be addressed with aggressive medical treatment. This chronic condition demands the expertise of expert hepatologists and transplant surgeons. The life expectancy of patients with fatty liver disease depends on early diagnosis and treatment.

Equipped with state-of-the-art equipment, technology, and medical advancements that match international standards, the Department of Hepatology at Gleneagles Hospital, Mumbai, offers 24x7 services to patients.

The liver is one of the human body's vital organs responsible for regulating more than 500 functions. The primary tasks of the liver include the production of bile juices, metabolism of proteins, carbs, and fats, excretion of bilirubin and cholesterol, and storage of minerals, vitamins, and glycogen, besides detoxification and purification of blood.

Proper liver functioning ensures blood is clear of toxins and builds immunity against viral and bacterial attacks. It shields the body from various health conditions. It works in tandem with the digestive system even as it converts the extra sugar–glucose into glycogen, thus storing it in the form of glucose in the body.

A healthy liver is a happy you, and it is imperative to keep it functioning optimally. Therefore, doctors and nutritionists recommend consuming liver friendly foods to support its functioning. The list of liver-healthy foods includes fresh veggies, fruits, plant-based protein, whole grains, and fatty fish.

To keep up your liver function:

1. Maintain a diet plan that includes liver healthy foods that are loaded with fibre, monounsaturated, and Omega-3 fats.
2. Avoid non-liver-friendly food like saturated or trans fats and carbonated drinks, besides reducing caffeine and teas.
3. Stay hydrated to support liver function.

How To Keep Liver Healthy?

The liver is the second largest organ in the human body, demanding extra care for your overall well-being. Hepatologists emphasize on the following tips for healthy liver:

Tips For A Healthy Liver:

• Liquor is the primary disruptive factor that can interfere with liver health. All it needs is 100 ml of alcohol daily to cause an irreversible liver condition known as Cirrhosis that scars this vital organ, causing eventual fatality.
• Get vaccinated against Hepatitis A, B, and C.
• Practice protected and safe sex to prevent infections that can be transmitted via body fluids and blood.
• Stop indiscriminate use of medications and do not self-medicate.
• Work out regularly and consume fibre rich diet.

List of Foods Good for Liver:

Your liver health depends on what you consume, and pick the right ones from this list of the best food for the liver.

Here is what to eat for healthy liver:

Cruciferous Veggies:

Mother Nature is blessed with a bounty of vegetables good for the liver besides cruciferous vegetables which top the list of best foods for the liver, including broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, etc. These fibre-rich veggies are suitable for the liver, thanks to the presence of phytochemicals and antioxidants that can not only regulate liver functioning and prevent liver cancer.

Fresh Fruits and Berries:

Fruits and berries are a powerhouse of antioxidants and anthocyanins that provide extensive liver health. So make it a habit to include various types of colourful berries, including blueberries and strawberries, to prevent liver cancer, hepatic steatosis, or fatty liver and slow down fibrosis progression.

Grapefruit:

Grapefruit is a widely recommended fruit to protect liver health, owing to the rich presence of antioxidants. Loaded with naringenin and naringin, grapefruit is crucial in reducing inflammation and protecting healthy liver cells, besides preventing hepatic fibrosis and inflammation. Regular grapefruit intake also reduces the fat content and triggers the production of enzymes required for burning excessive fats.

Nuts:

All you need is a fistful of nuts for optimal liver functioning. Nuts are a treasure trove of healthy fats, nutritional plant components, Vitamin E, and antioxidants. In addition, regular intake of nuts ensures various vital nutrients and minerals that protect your liver and other primary organs like the heart and brain.

Fatty Fish:

Fatty fish is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids that are extremely important in reducing liver inflammation. Therefore, include fatty fish in your regular food intake to lower liver fat and triglycerides, especially if you are diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Foods and Drinks To Avoid For Liver Health:

• Alcohol
• Excessive intake of coffee and tea
• Carbonated drinks
• Red meat
• Processed and packaged foods
• Fatty and fibre foods

Conclusion:

The liver is one of the chief organs of the human body that regulates more than 500 bodily functions. A healthy liver is all you need to lead a physically healthy life as it extensively supports various other organs, including the heart and digestive system, in their functioning.

Foods good for the liver include cruciferous vegetables that are rich in fiber, like broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, and kale. Regularly include grapefruit, grapes, nuts, and other fresh fruits to maintain hepatic functioning. If you are diagnosed with liver conditions, do not miss regular check-ups and keep up with your doctor's appointments and medications.

The Department of Hepatology at Gleneagles Hospital offers extensive liver care. The department houses eminent hepatologists and transplant surgeons supported by highly efficient paramedical staff. The latest, advanced medical advancements powered by international standards ensure faster and overall treatment for patients suffering from various liver conditions.

The term "acid peptic disease," known as "acid peptic disorder," consists of various disorders that affect the gastrointestinal tract, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and dyspepsia. These conditions arise when the protective mucosal lining of the stomach weakens or when there is an excess secretion of acid or pepsin from either the gastric or duodenal region.

What Causes Peptic Acid Disease?

Peptic acid disease, often known as peptic ulcer disease, affects both the stomach and the first section of the small intestine. An imbalance between the digestive tract's natural defenses and the damaging effects of stomach acid and digestive enzymes is the key contributing factor. The progression of the causes of peptic acid illness is as follows:

H. pylori infection An infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most prominent cause of peptic acid illness. If untreated, this bacterium, which is typically acquired during childhood, can stay in the stomach for many years. An infection with H. pylori makes the stomach's mucous layer less effective at protecting the underlying tissues from harm caused by stomach acid.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs), including aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, and others, can raise the chance of developing peptic acid disease when taken often and over an extended period of time. NSAIDs can cause stomach irritation, prevent the synthesis of anti-inflammatory prostaglandins, and upset the stomach's normal acid-base balance.

Excessive stomach acid production Certain conditions can lead to an overproduction of stomach acid, which can contribute to peptic acid disease. For example, a condition called Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, where tumors form in the pancreas or duodenum, can cause excessive acid secretion.

Stress and Smoking habit Smoking cigarettes has been identified as a risk factor for peptic acid disease. Smoking damages the lining of the stomach and reduces the ability of the stomach to heal itself. It also increases stomach acid production, further exacerbating the condition. While stress and lifestyle factors do not directly cause peptic acid disease, they can worsen the symptoms and delay the healing process. Chronic stress, irregular eating habits, and excessive alcohol consumption can all contribute to the development and progression of peptic acid disease.

Genetic factors In some cases, there may be a genetic predisposition to developing peptic acid disease. Certain individuals may inherit genes that make them more susceptible to the condition, although the exact genetic factors involved are not fully understood.

It's important to note that peptic acid disease is a complex condition influenced by multiple factors, and not everyone with these risk factors will develop the disease. If you suspect you have peptic acid disease or are experiencing symptoms such as abdominal pain, indigestion, heartburn, or nausea, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Let's check out a few signs and symptoms related to acid peptic disease.

Symptoms and Signs of Acid Peptic Disease

Acid peptic disease, also known as acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a condition characterized by the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus, causing various symptoms and signs. Here is a step-by-step breakdown of the acid peptic disease symptoms and signs.

Heartburn: The most common symptom of acid peptic disease is heartburn, which is a burning sensation felt in the chest behind the breastbone. It typically occurs after eating or when lying down and is caused by the stomach acid irritating the lining of the esophagus.

Dyspepsia: Acid peptic disease can cause dyspepsia, which is a general term for indigestion. Symptoms of dyspepsia include bloating, discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen, and feeling full even after small meals.

Chest pain: Some individuals with acid peptic disease may experience chest pain that can mimic the symptoms of a heart attack. The pain is often sharp or burning and may radiate to the neck, jaw, or arms. It is important to rule out any cardiac causes of chest pain and seek medical attention if you are unsure.

Difficulty swallowing: Acid reflux can cause narrowing of the esophagus, leading to difficulty swallowing or a sensation of food getting stuck in the throat.

Chronic cough or hoarseness: The irritation caused by stomach acid can lead to a chronic cough or hoarseness. This is particularly common in individuals who experience acid reflux at night while lying down.

Asthma-like symptoms: Acid peptic disease may trigger or worsen asthma symptoms in individuals who have both conditions. These symptoms can include coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.

Sleep disturbances: Acid reflux can disrupt sleep due to symptoms such as regurgitation, coughing, or discomfort. This can result in poor sleep quality and daytime fatigue.

Other Complications: In some cases, untreated or poorly managed acid peptic disease can lead to complications such as esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus), esophageal ulcers, strictures (narrowing of the esophagus), or Barrett's esophagus (a precancerous condition).

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms or signs, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment. They can evaluate your symptoms, perform diagnostic tests if needed, and recommend lifestyle modifications, medications, or other interventions to manage acid peptic disease effectively.

Treatment for Acid Peptic Disease

Treatment for illnesses including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcers, which are all examples of acid peptic disease, often includes a combination of lifestyle changes, medication, and, in some circumstances, surgical procedures. The following is a step-by-step breakdown of the apd disease treatment options:

Lifestyle modifications:

Treatment for acid peptic illness requires altering one's lifestyle, which includes cutting back on alcohol and cigarette use as well as changing one's food and managing one's weight. These modifications aid in easing stomach strain and reducing the chance of acid reflux.

Over-the-counter medications

Antacids and H2 blockers are examples of over-the-counter drugs that can aid people who are in discomfort and reduce the symptoms of acid peptic disease. Acid peptic disorder are frequently treated with over-the-counter drugs such as antacids and H2 blockers. H2 blockers limit the creation of stomach acid and offer more long-lasting comfort than antacids, which only work temporarily. Higher doses might need a doctor's prescription, according to some experts in medicine.

Prescription medications

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and prokinetic drugs, among others, are prescribed medicines used to treat acid peptic illness. PPIs can help heal ulcers and esophagitis by reducing stomach acid production. Acid reflux can be avoided by taking prokinetic drugs, which facilitate the stomach muscles' motility. Treatment for the removal of H. pylori is crucial for symptom relief over the long term. To select the best prescription drug, it is crucial to speak with a healthcare practitioner.

Surgical interventions

Depending on the severity of symptoms, the effectiveness of non-surgical treatments, and the patient's general health, each case determines if surgical interventions for acid peptic disease are warranted. The best surgical course of action should be decided in consultation with a medical expert or specialist.

Monitoring and follow-up

Regular monitoring and follow-up with a gastroenterologist doctor is essential for treating acid peptic disease. Professional medical advice is recommended to receive an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan tailored to one's specific needs. Staying engaged with healthcare professionals and following up as recommended can ensure the best outcomes.

If you are often experiencing that sudden, tingling, and sharp pain in the back of your head, it’s time to see your doctor. PPain in the back of the head can be due to various factors, including low pressure headaches, tension headaches, exertion headaches, cervicogenic headaches, cluster headaches or occipital neuralgia. While some of these originate with the pain in the back of the head, others may start from different points on the body like from head or neck.

Sometimes, the pain is located in one region, but patients may also experience it radiating to other places in the head or the neck, and symptoms may vary from person to person. Backside headaches, as commonly referred to, can also be triggered by certain sudden events that can cause immense stress, anxiety, allergy to certain food items, etc.

If you suffer from persistent backside headaches in the back of your head, consult your doctor immediately for diagnosis and treatment.

What Are The Types of Back Head Pain?

Pain in the backside of the head is common; however, if you are suffering consistent pain, talk to your doctor to find out the root cause. Here are the types of backside headaches:

Tension Headache:

A common type of throbbing pain in the head, it is caused due to the tightening of the scalp and neck, especially on the sides and back of the head. It starts as a dull pain but can become a nagging sensation disrupting daily activities if not treated on time.

Cluster and Migraine Headaches:

Migraine headaches can be chronic, and this pulsating pain can interfere with daily activities. Migraine headaches can happen in any location of the head but are often felt on the left side or backside of the head.

Similarly, cluster headaches too can be excruciating. Though rare, these headaches mimic migraine symptoms and can continue for weeks or even months, causing intense pain in the backside of the head.

Arthritis Headache:

If you are feeling severe pain in the back of your head, but it worsens even as you move, it is known as an arthritis headache. This agonizing discomfort results from arthritis in the first three vertebrae of your spine, inflamed blood vessels in the neck, or changes in the bone structure of the neck.

Posture Headache:

If you are one of those riveted to a chair owing to work commitments, it can strain the muscles in the head, upper back, jawline, and neck region. Poor postures can strain the nerves in these areas leading to pain in the back of your head. Ensure sitting or standing straight to get relief from headaches.

Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Headache:

Also known as low-pressure headache, Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Headache or SIH is caused due to leakage of spinal fluid from the neck to the back. This leads to a decrease in the cushion of spinal fluid around the brain, causing intense pain in back side of the head. It may worsen when you sit or stand still but reduces after lying down for around 30 minutes. In some patients, mild SIH can happen in sleep but can intensify as the day progresses.

Occipital Neuralgia:

Occipital Neuralgia is a rare condition where occipital nerves, running from the spinal cord up to the calps, get injured or inflamed. This starts as a stabbing, sharp pain in back side of head or behind the ears. If not addressed on time, it can progress into severe pain that can feel like a shock that lasts a few minutes.

Cervicogenic Headache:

Cervicogenic headache may feel like intense pain as a backside headache, but it originates in the neck. Also known as referred pain, it occurs in one part of the body but radiates from somewhere in the neck. A secondary headache is caused due to broken bones, tumors, rheumatoid arthritis, and infection.

Symptoms of Back Head Pain?

The causes for back head pain are aplenty, and symptoms vary from patient to patient. The most common symptoms of pain in the back side of the head include:

• Dull, throbbing pain in the backside of the head
• Sharp, stabbing sensation in the head
• Nausea and sensitivity to light and sound
• Nausea
• Excessive tearing and drooping eyelids
• Stuffy nose

If you notice any of the above symptoms that are frequent, lasting more than 2 to 3 days in a row, seek a doctor’s appointment immediately.

Treatment For Back Head Pain?

Your doctor would diagnose the condition based on the physical evaluation. The causes of back head pain can be underlying, and a detailed investigation will help in an accurate diagnosis. Your doctor may ask for imaging tests; blood works to understand the causes and symptoms.

The treatment plan for back side headaches includes medicines to reduce inflammation, correcting the posture, muscle relaxers, physiotherapy, antidepressants, corticosteroids, melatonin, and nerve blockers in some instances.

Patients suffering from intense, chronic backside headaches may rarely need surgical intervention.

Glenegales Hospital, Mumbai is the hub of neurologists. Talk to our experts for detailed diagnosis and treatment options, and bid farewell those nagging backside headaches.

Kidney stones are small, solid mineral deposits that develop in the kidneys. They can vary in size, ranging from as small as a grain of sand to as large as a stone. The formation of kidney stones occurs when specific chemicals in the urine become highly concentrated and solidified. Classifying kidney stones is important for better understanding their characteristics and reducing associated risks. The following are the classifications of kidney stones:

1. Calcium Stones: These are the most common type of kidney stones and are primarily composed of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate. High levels of calcium or oxalate in the urine can contribute to their formation.

2. Uric Acid Stones: Uric acid stones form when there is an excessive amount of uric acid in the urine. They are more likely to occur in individuals with conditions like gout or those who have a diet high in purines.

3. Struvite Stones: Struvite stones are typically caused by bacterial infections, particularly urinary tract infections. They can grow rapidly and become quite large.

4. Cystine Stones: Cystine stones are rare and occur due to a hereditary condition called cystinuria. They form when the kidneys excrete excessive amounts of the amino acid cystine.

5. Other Types: In addition to the above-mentioned types, there are also less common types of kidney stones, such as xanthine stones and rare forms of calcium stones.

Correctly classifying kidney stones aids in discovering the underlying causes, guiding treatment options. Also implementing preventative measures along with consuming food for kidney stones. A healthcare specialist should be consulted for an accurate diagnosis and treatment of kidney stones based on their unique kind.

Food that Causes Kidney Stone

Kidney stones are a frequently seen condition that can be affected by a number of variables, including nutrition. While hardly any foods that cause kidney stones, several dietary choices may enhance the likelihood of their development. Understanding list of foods that cause kidney stones can assist individuals in taking preventative actions and making educated dietary decisions.

1. Oxalate-rich foods

Oxalate is a naturally occurring chemical that may be found in a variety of foods. When oxalate levels in the urine get too high, it can react with calcium to form crystals, resulting in the formation of calcium oxalate stones. Sources of oxalate rich foods are sweet potatoes, okra, celery, parsley, and soy products. If you are prone to kidney stones, you should limit your consumption of oxalate rich foods

2. Sodium and processed foods

A high-sodium diet could possibly increase your chances of developing kidney stones. Excess salt consumption may elevate calcium levels in the urine, making it easier for stones to develop. Processed foods, such as canned soups, meat, and fast food, are frequently rich in salt. It is critical to study food labels and choose fresh, healthy foods over processed goods.

3. Animal Protein

Excessive consumption of animal proteins, such as red meat, poultry, and fish, might lead to the formation of renal stones. Animal protein raises uric acid and calcium levels in the urine, increasing the risk of stone formation. It is best to limit your consumption of animal protein and replace it with plant-based protein sources.

4. Sugary Drinks

Sugary beverages, such as soda, energy drinks, and fruit juices with added sugars, can raise the risk of kidney stones. These drinks can cause dehydration and an imbalance in fluid content, which promotes stone development. It is healthy to drink water or unsweetened fluids.

5. Caffeine intake in larger quantities

Coffee, tea, and soda contain caffeine. Excessive use of such drinks which have higher levels of calcium can create stones. Consuming large amounts of caffeine can disrupt sleep patterns, leading to fatigue and decreased productivity during the day. It can also cause jitters, anxiety, and an increased heart rate. Furthermore, caffeine is a diuretic, meaning it can cause dehydration if not consumed in moderation. It is important to be mindful of your caffeine intake and limit your consumption of drinks with high levels of caffeine.

6. Meat

Meat consumption should be moderate because overindulging can have detrimental effects on one's health. High meat intake has also been linked to an increased risk of heart disease and some types of cancer, in addition to the risk of organ damage and kidney stones. But when eaten in moderation, meat can be a valuable source of protein and other necessary nutrients. It is advised to choose lean cuts and limit meat consumption to no more than a few times per week in order to minimize any potential negative effects of meat consumption.

7. Dairy Products

Dairy products are another food category that has been connected to foods that cause kidney stones. Dairy products are a good source of calcium and other vital nutrients, but consuming too much of them has been linked to an increased risk of certain cancers, including prostate cancer. In addition, a lot of people have lactose intolerance and may feel uncomfortable after consuming dairy products. Dairy foods are high in calcium and are considered good for bones. But they harm the kidneys by increasing calcium levels, which leads to kidney stones.

While certain food for kidney stone may raise the risk of other health conditions as well. It is crucial to remember that individual factors and general dietary patterns also play a vital role. For customized dietary advice based on your unique needs and medical history, it is best to contact a healthcare expert or a licensed dietitian. If you are seeking specialized treatment for kidney stones, it is recommended that you visit a reputable urology hospital or consult with a urologist for a comprehensive evaluation and management options.

Here’s how kidney stones affect your dietary choices

Kidney stones have a significant impact on your dietary choices, potentially altering your food habits. It is crucial to understand the different foods to avoid kidney stones. Implementing the following strategies can effectively reduce the risk of kidney stones.

It is important to avoid consuming foods that have the potential to cause kidney stones, as mentioned earlier. Limiting the intake of oxalate rich foods can help prevent the formation of calcium oxalate stones.

Maintaining proper hydration is key. Ensuring that you drink enough water throughout the day helps to dilute urine and reduce the concentration of substances that can contribute to stone formation.

Moreover, moderating your sodium intake is crucial. A high-sodium diet can increase the risk of kidney stone formation by elevating calcium levels in the urine. Therefore, it is advisable to reduce your consumption of salt and limit processed and packaged foods, which are often high in sodium. Opting for fresh, whole foods is a healthier choice.

Reduce your consumption of beef, pork, eggs, cheese, and fish, as they can increase your risk of various kidney stone types. Also, excessive intake of Vitamin C can lead to an overproduction of oxalate, so it's advisable not to exceed a daily dosage of 500 mg. These food choices provide essential nutrients while minimizing the risk of stone formation. It is important to consider the quality and variety of foods in your diet.

Lastly, if you have a history of kidney stones or are at a higher risk, seeking medical advice is advisable. Consulting with healthcare professionals or registered dietitians can provide personalized guidance on foods to avoid kidney stones, as well as recommendations for dietary modifications and lifestyle changes.

By implementing these strategies, you can effectively manage and reduce the risk of kidney stones. Making informed dietary choices and seeking appropriate medical advice will contribute to better kidney health and overall well-being.

Conclusion

Kidney stones are small, hard mineral deposits that occur in the kidneys and can have a substantial influence on dietary choices. Understanding the significance of specific foods in kidney stone production and treatment is critical for making informed eating choices. Dietary advice and lifestyle changes tailored to the individual. Individuals may take proactive actions to avoid kidney stone development and promote improved kidney health by being attentive to their food choices and making appropriate modifications.

The lower back cannot be underestimated, even though it has become a common condition that can range from slight discomfort to severe symptoms and has affected people of all ages. Furthermore, It can be acute, or chronic based on a variety of factors, including muscle strain, poor posture, injury, structural abnormalities, or underlying medical disorders. 

Most importantly, back discomfort can have a substantial influence on daily activities and quality of life. However, with the correct diagnosis and treatment. Back pain with fever can be properly managed and brought under control. The combination of these symptoms can indicate a variety of underlying medical disorders, ranging from minor to severe.

Moreover, you cannot turn a blind eye If you have persistent or severe lower back pain that is accompanied by a fever, you should seek medical attention. By assessing your symptoms, and running the required diagnostic tests, you can start considering suitable treatment options. Let's explore further information about the symptoms and causes of back pain and fever below.

What Is Lower Back Pain?

Before we head to understand the in-depth symptoms and causes of lower back pain. It is important that we understand what lower back pain is. It refers to discomfort or pain in the lumbar region, which is located below the ribcage and above the hips. Due to this, you can experience certain symptoms like difficulty urinating, back pain and fever, severe abdominal discomfort, weakness or numbness in the legs, and so on.

Severe back pain with a fever or high body temperature may indicate an infection or inflammation in the body. However, milder lower back pain might result from muscle strain, spinal issues, or other medical ailments. Generally, back discomfort can be alleviated with rest and specific medications. Moreover, back pain and fever can also be an indicator that there can be underlying neurological conditions. Therefore, It is crucial to consult with a neuro specialist or spinal specialist to get an accurate diagnosis and a treatment plan tailored to your specific condition. Take a look at the Symptoms of Lower Back Pain. 

What are the Symptoms of Lower Back Pain?

Lower back pain can manifest in various ways, depending on its underlying cause. While headache, back pain and fever symptoms are common. The pain can range from a subtle ache to a sharp, stabbing sensation. It may originate in the lower back and radiate to the buttocks, hips, and legs. The intensity and location of the pain can vary depending on the source. Let's explore other signs and symptoms below.

Stiffness: Many individuals with lower back pain experience stiffness in the affected area. This stiffness can make it difficult to move or perform everyday activities like bending, lifting, or standing straight.

Muscle Spasms: Lower back pain can be accompanied by muscle spasms. These involuntary contractions of the muscles in the lower back can cause additional pain and discomfort.

Restricted Movements: Lower back pain can restrict the range of motion in the lumbar region. This may make it challenging to perform certain movements, such as twisting, bending, or turning.

Pins and Needles: If a nerve is compressed or irritated in the lower back, it can lead to numbness, tingling, or a "pins and needles" feeling in the buttocks, legs, or feet. This symptom is often associated with conditions like sciatica.

Weakness in the legs: In some cases, lower back pain may cause weakness in the legs. You may have difficulty walking, climbing stairs, or performing activities that require leg strength.

Causes Of Lower Back Pain?

There can be various causes that lead to back pain. Ranging from minor muscle strains to more serious underlying conditions. Understanding the potential causes can help identify the source of your pain and guide appropriate treatment. Here are some common causes of lower back pain. 

Muscle or Ligament Strain: Straining the muscles or ligaments in the lower back is a common source of pain. This might happen as a result of rapid movements, incorrect lifting practises, or overexertion during physical activity.

Herniated Disc: When the soft inner substance of a spinal disc protrudes through its outer layer, it can irritate adjacent nerves and cause lower back pain. This is also referred to as a slipped or ruptured disc.

Degenerative Disc Disease: The natural ageing process can cause wear and tear on the spinal discs, leading to degenerative disc disease. This condition can cause chronic lower back pain due to the loss of disc height and cushioning ability.

Spinal Stenosis: The narrowing of the spinal canal, which can place pressure on the spinal cord and nerves, is referred to as spinal stenosis. It is frequently caused by age-related changes and can cause lower back discomfort and radiating leg pain.

Sciatica: Sciatica is a disorder caused by compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back down the legs. Sharp, shooting pains in the lower back and down one leg.

Arthritis: Different kinds of arthritis, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, can damage the joints in the lower back, causing chronic pain and stiffness.

Kidney Infections or Stones: Infections or the presence of kidney stones can cause lower back discomfort, which is frequently accompanied by fever, urinary symptoms, and, in rare cases, blood in the urine.

Other Causes

Spinal structural disorders, such as scoliosis (sideways curvature) or spondylolisthesis (vertebral slippage), can contribute to lower back pain. Certain inflammatory problems, such as ankylosing spondylitis or autoimmune disorders such as lupus, can cause chronic inflammation and lower back discomfort. Moreover, other causes of lower back pain include fibromyalgia, endometriosis, especially in women, spinal infections, spinal tumours, or traumatic injuries.

How Is Lower Back Pain Diagnosed?

When it comes to diagnosing fever lower back pain, healthcare professionals employ various methods to determine the underlying cause. The diagnostic process typically involves a comprehensive evaluation of your symptoms, medical history, and physical examination. Here are some common approaches and tests used in diagnosing lower back pain and fever:

• Medical History: Healthcare provider assesses symptoms, medical history, and underlying conditions to diagnose and treat lower back pain.
• Physical Examination: Physical examination assesses a range of motion, muscle strength, reflexes, nerve involvement, and tenderness, identifying abnormalities.
• Imaging Tests: Imaging tests reveal structural abnormalities in the lower back, including X-rays, MRI scans, and CT scans. X-rays reveal bone abnormalities, fractures, and degenerative changes, while MRI scans detect soft tissue problems and provide cross-sectional images of the spine.
• Blood Tests: Blood tests detect inflammation, infection, or arthritis in suspected systemic conditions.
• Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS): Tests assess muscle activity and nerve signal conduction, identifying compression or damage.
• Diagnostic Injections: Diagnostic injections of local anaesthetics or steroids can temporarily relieve pain in lower back structures, until identifying pain sources.

What Are The Treatments For Lower Back Pain?

The underlying cause, the severity of symptoms like fever lower back pain, and individual circumstances all influence the treatment of lower back pain. Non-invasive methods can often alleviate pain fever with back pain and headache. It is crucial to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and to determine the most suitable treatment approach for your specific condition. They can assess your symptoms, conduct a thorough evaluation, and recommend the most effective treatment options for your lower back pain. Some common therapeutic options are listed below.

Pain Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen, which are available over the counter, can help relieve pain and reduce inflammation. If NSAIDs do not relieve your back pain and fever symptoms, your doctor may prescribe stronger pain relievers.

Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can create a customised training programme to help you strengthen the muscles that support your lower back, increase flexibility, and encourage appropriate body mechanics. Other therapies, such as manual therapy or electrical stimulation, may be included.

Injection Therapies: Injections may be indicated in some circumstances to offer temporary pain relief or to minimise inflammation. Epidural steroid injections, facet joint injections, and nerve root blocks are a few examples. A professional is usually in charge of administering these treatments.

Lifestyle Modifications: Maintaining a healthy weight, getting regular exercise, and practising good posture can all help to prevent and manage lower back pain. It is also advised to stop smoking, which can limit blood flow and increase the risk of disc degeneration.

Complementary Therapies: Acupuncture, chiropractic manipulation, or massage therapy may provide relief for some patients. However, the evidence supporting their efficacy for lower back pain varies, and it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before pursuing these treatments.

Surgical Intervention: Surgery is usually recommended if conservative treatment has failed to provide relief or if there is an underlying condition that requires surgical repair. Herniated disc ectomy, spinal fusion, and decompression therapy are a few examples. Surgery is often reserved for extreme conditions or when the conventional therapy have failed.

Conclusion 

Lower back pain and fever are both causes of concern because they may indicate an underlying health issue. While lower back pain is a common complaint for numerous reasons, fever is rarely associated with it. Most of all of these symptoms may point to an infection, an inflammatory illness, or other systemic disorders that require quick medical attention.

Therefore, it is important that an individual facing such problems should consult a doctor if you have chronic or severe lower back pain that is accompanied by a fever. When dealing with lower back pain and fever, keep in mind that self-diagnosis and self-medication are not recommended. Seeking help from a multi speciality hospital can be majorly helpful as you can get related specialists under one roof. So do take the crucial steps when your medical diagnosis and appropriate treatment are assigned.