What is acromioclavicular joint dislocation?

Acromioclavicular (AC) dislocation is a common injury, especially among sportsmen. There is still a lack of consensus on whether to conserve or operate type III AC joint dislocations. Even among surgeons inclined to operate AC joint dislocations, there is no unanimity on which surgical technique. There are a plethora of choices between mechanical fixation or synthetic materials or biologic anatomic reconstructions.

What is the most common Shoulder Dislocation type?

Below are shoulder dislocation types:

Anterior (forward). The head of the arm bone (humerus) is moved forward, in front of the socket (glenoid). This is the most common type of dislocation and usually happens when the arm is extended.

Posterior (behind). The head of the arm bone is moved behind and above the socket. This is an uncommon type of dislocation that is usually caused by seizures or electrical shock.

Inferior (bottom). The head of the arm bone is pushed down and out of the socket toward the armpit. This is the least common type of dislocation.

AC joint Separation Vs AC joint disruption?

AC joint Separation

AC joint disruption

An AC joint separation is the joint connecting the shoulder blade to the clavicle or collarbone rather than the humerus or upper arm bone. AC joint disruption usually results from a fall onto the point of the shoulder with subsequent disruption of the ligaments and muscular attachments stabilizing this joint

AC joint disruption usually results from a fall onto the point of the shoulder with subsequent disruption of the ligaments and muscular attachments stabilizing this joint.

The most common cause of AC joint separation is a fall onto the shoulder. With sufficient damage to the ligaments, the shoulder blade or scapula drops away from the clavicle, creating misalignment and giving rise to the shoulder bump.

AC joint disruption can cause swelling, bruising and pain in the shoulder. The tip of the shoulder joint (highest point) usually becomes more prominent than the opposite shoulder. The swelling is usually very tender to touch and could hear/feel clicking and clunking with shoulder movement.

Specialty usually recommends an X-ray of the shoulder. Unless the damage is relatively severe, the X-ray may not reveal anything.

Its diagnosis is made by a detailed medical history, physical examination and an X-ray. X-ray is usually performed to confirm the joint separation and rule out any fracture to the clavicle. X-rays of opposite shoulder and rarely CT scan may be needed in some cases.

How does acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation feels?

The junction, or joint, between the collarbone and shoulder is tender or painful. Tenderness is felt at the AC (acromioclavicular) joint site. Numbness or muscular weakness may be felt in the shoulder or arm, which is caused by damage to nerves. If this symptom appears, go to a doctor right away.

Risks, Symptoms & Signs of Shoulder Dislocation

Risk factors for AC Joint dislocation:

• Participating in contact sports or activities like rock climbing that expose you to falling
• Previous shoulder dislocation, chronic shoulder instability, or previous injury of the shoulder’s soft tissues
• Occupational exposure to fall

If you dislocate your shoulder, you probably will know it right away. The most common dislocated shoulder symptoms are:

• Immediate, severe pain
• Inability to move the arm
• Numbness or tingling in the shoulder area or down the arm
• Swelling
• Visible deformity of the upper arm

Signs of AC Joint Dislocation:

• Pain.
• Swelling.
• Bruising.
• Instability of the joint.
• Loss of ability to move the joint.
• Visibly deformed joint (bone looks out of place)

Shoulder Dislocation Causes

The most common causes of a dislocated shoulder are:

• Being forcefully struck on the shoulder, such as during a motor vehicle collision
• Falling on an outstretched arm
• Injuries related to sports activities, such as being tackled in a football game or falling while skiing

Shoulder Dislocation Diagnosis and Tests

Your doctor will examine the afflicted region for pain, swelling, or deformation in order to diagnose and test it. The displacement of your shoulder joint can be seen on an X-ray, as well as any fractures or other damage.

When to see a doctor specialist?

The injuries that cause separated shoulders can also cause bone fractures or concussions, you should see a doctor right away to either confirm a separated shoulder or rule out a more serious injury.

Treatments available for Dislocated Shoulder

At Gleneagles Hospital, Parel, Mumbai our specialist doctor may also recommend surgery or recommend physical therapy to strengthen the surrounding muscles and improve your range of motion as per the diagnosis test.

Recovery Time

It takes about 12 to 16 weeks to completely recover from a dislocated shoulder. You'll usually be able to resume most activities within two weeks but should avoid heavy lifting and sports involving shoulder movements for between 6 weeks and 3 months.

For any sports related injuries or conditions, consult our doctors at Gleneagles Hospital, Mumbai, Department of Arthroscopy & Sports Medicine.

One of the most common knee injuries is an anterior cruciate ligament sprain or tear.

Athletes who participate in high-intensity sports such as soccer, football, and basketball are more likely to injure their anterior cruciate ligaments. The anterior cruciate ligament is one of the four ligaments in the knee that provides stabilization for the knee joint. An ACL tear or sprain occurs with a sudden change in direction or pivot against a locked knee.

Signs & Symptoms for ACL Tear

After an injury to the knee, the patient frequently reports hearing a loud pop and subsequently experiencing severe pain. Walking or bearing weight is excruciating. The knee joint will begin to swell within a few hours because of bleeding within the joint, making it difficult to straighten the knee.

What are the Causes relating to torn ACL?

Most anterior cruciate ligament injuries occur due to injury, usually in a sport or fitness activity. The ligament gets stretched or tears when the foot is firmly planted and the knee locks and twists or pivots at the same time. This commonly occurs in basketball, football, soccer, and gymnastics, where a sudden change in direction stresses and damages the ligament.

How is Diagnosis of Torn ACL done?

A doctor may order one or more diagnostic medical imaging tests to confirm the presence and severity of an ACL injury, such as an MRI, x-ray, or ultrasound. Some ACL tears can be diagnosed without medical imaging.

X-rays provide physicians with a look at a person's bones. If an ACL tear is suspected due to the possibility of fracture, a straightforward x-ray of the knee is required.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a detailed view of the ligaments, tendons, bones, and cartilage of the knee joint, including the ACL. An MRI of the knee is utilized to confirm the diagnosis, evaluate for other injuries to the knee, and help plan for surgery.

Ultrasound imaging uses high-frequency sound waves to build a picture of the knee. Ultrasound shows resolution of the tendons and ligaments outside of the knee joint, but because of the ACL’s location deep inside the joint, ACL tears cannot be visualized with ultrasound.

ACL Treatments & Knee surgery

Ice and pain medicine are used to treat the injury at first, with the aim of decreasing discomfort and inflammation.

Use crutches until the knee has fully healed and walking without a limp is possible.

To get back to normal, you'll need physiotherapy and rehabilitation regimens that focus on strengthening and extending exercises in order to regain strength and a full range of motion. A knee brace may assist with support for the unstable joint.

ACL surgery is a common and major operation with risks and possible negative results. You may have other, less invasive treatment choices available to you. Before undergoing ACL surgery, discuss all of your treatment options with another doctor.

ACL surgeries are done by orthopedic surgeons.

Why Gleneagles Hospital, Parel, Mumbai for ACL Knee Surgery?

Gleneagles Hospital, Parel, Mumbai is committed to delivering excellent individual care and customer service for ACL knee surgery. Our dedicated surgeons aim to achieve consistently excellent results. For us it's more than just treating patients, it's about looking after people.

For any queries related to Bone and Joint related conditions, consult our doctors at Gleneagles Hospital, Mumbai, Department of Orthopaedics & Joint Replacements.

With the New Year holiday Season here, we excitedly look forward to seeing family members and friends at special gatherings. But with COVID-19 still circulating, it’s important not to let our guards down and give up proven safety measures.

Studies about omicron are ongoing, but here’s what is known so far.

What Do We Know About Omicron?

Omicron was first identified in Botswana on November 11, 2021. The World Health Organization (WHO) labeled it a variant of concern, warning that the worldwide risk is "extremely high" because to its substantial number of variants, including the COVID-19 spike protein with 37 known modifications. The spike protein helps the virus enter our cells more readily.

There are still many areas that require further study. According to the WHO, researchers are currently conducting research on whether there has been a transmission increase, an escalation in severity of cases, and a distinct set of symptoms associated with this variant.

How is Omicron Different From Delta?

The delta variety triggered a number of severe COVID-19 cases in the first part of 2018, prompting another surge of the infection. Though it's impossible to know how dangerous omicron is yet, it has been predicted that it may be highly transmissible. Omicron is far more mutated than the delta variant. It has roughly double the number of changes in the spike protein as did delta, but this does not necessarily indicate that it is twice as infectious or transmissible.

A new omicron variant was discovered in the same month, and doctors have noted an increase in occurrences. Omicron may be responsible for a second wave, which is scheduled to begin in January 2022 and continue through February 2022. So far, the number of omicron cases has not resulted in additional hospitalization rates.

Where Has Omicron Been Detected?

The strange illness, which was first discovered in Botswana three days ago, has now been discovered in South Africa as well. At least 38 nations have been affected, including the United States. Although there are only a few cases, they are expected to rise significantly.

Do COVID-19 Vaccines Protect Against Omicron?

The possibility of the new variant (Omicron) undermining vaccines' effectiveness is a theoretical one. However, vaccines reduce the risk of hospitalization and death, which suggests they may be effective against the Omicron form. To protect from omicron variants, people must take two doses of vaccine and follow Covid-19 recommendations for proper behavior.

There is not enough data yet to understand Omicron’s ability to evade vaccine or a natural infection-induced immune response. Hence, we should continue to enhance coverage in vaccine roll-out so that hospitalization does not increase. Unvaccinated people must take two doses of the vaccine and those who have taken one dose must take the second dose at the earliest.

Pancreatitis is an illness that affects the pancreas and causes inflammation. Alcohol and gallstones are the most frequent causes of pancreatitis, characterized by abdominal discomfort. The pancreas is a large gland located in the upper abdomen near the small intestine that produces digestive enzymes and hormones to aid with glucose metabolism.

Types of pancreatitis

There are mainly two types of pancreatitis. These include:

• Acute pancreatitis: An inflammation of the pancreas that strikes suddenly and usually lasts for a short time (days to weeks). In most situations, acute pancreatitis is treated effectively. Acute pancreatitis can cause severe problems such as bleeding, Pancreatic fluid accumulation, infection, jaundice, and more in severe cases.
• Chronic pancreatitis: Acute pancreatitis is an acute condition characterized by pain in the abdomen and vomiting, often after eating. Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the inflammation of the pancreas lasts for a longer amount of time, generally after recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis. In many cases, alcohol abuse is responsible for chronic pancreatitis. However, anomalies of the pancreatic duct, drugs and hereditary pancreatitis are also the reasons in a few cases.

Symptoms of pancreatitis

Signs and symptoms differ depending on the form of pancreatitis (acute or chronic):

Symptoms of acute pancreatitis:

• Upper abdominal pain radiating to back
• Vomiting
• Altered mental status
• Breathing difficulty

Symptoms of chronic pancreatitis:

• Constant or episodic pain in upper abdomen lasting for several days
• Diarrhea
• Unintentional weight loss
• Oily, foul smelling stools

Causes of pancreatitis

Activation of digestive enzymes while they are still in the pancreas, before reaching the small intestine, leads to irritation of the pancreas cells, causing inflammation. Some of the major causes of pancreatitis include:

• Excess alcohol consumption: Digestive enzymes and fluids are generated faster than usual when a substantial amount of alcohol is consumed, causing pancreatic duct blockage.
• Gallstones: Gallstones can obstruct fluid flow through the pancreas, causing damage to it.
• Abdominal surgery: Previous abdominal surgery may lead to pancreatic injury or damage, causing pancreatitis.
• Autoimmune diseases: A condition in which your body’s own immune system attacks healthy pancreatic cells, leading to pancreatitis.
• An excessive amount of fats (triglycerides) in the blood.
• Smoking causes damage to pancreatic cells, leading to pancreatitis.
• Medication: Certain medicines, such as certain antibiotics, corticosteroids, and estrogen, can induce pancreatitis.

Other indirect causes include:

• Bacterial and viral infections
• Cystic fibrosis
• Family history of pancreatitis
• Pancreatic cancer
• High calcium levels

Treatment of pancreatitis

The first step is initial management/first-line therapy, which includes a combination of medications. If necessary, the treatment will be modified or discontinued if there are adverse effects from the medicines used.

First line treatment

• Fasting: Fasting provides a chance for the pancreas to recover from inflammation.
• Medications: Pain medication may be prescribed to relieve intense pain caused by pancreatitis.
• Intravenous (IV) fluids: Pancreatitis and fasting may lead to dehydration. Intravenous fluids are administered to prevent dehydration and weakness.

Surgery

Surgical intervention is indicated in cases of bile duct obstruction, gall stones, fluid drainage from the pancreas and removal of damaged tissue.

Others

If alcohol addiction is the causative factor of pancreatitis, alcohol rehabilitation programs may be recommended.

What Are the Symptoms of Pancreatitis?

• Pain in the Upper Abdomen That Radiates to Your Back
• Abdominal Pain Gets Worse After Eating, Especially If You Have a Lot of Fat in Your DietThe abdomen is tender to the touch.
• Fever
• Increased Heart Rate.
• Nausea/Vomiting

For any queries related to pancreatic disorders, consult our doctors at Gleneagles Hospital, Mumbai, Department of Gastroenterology.

The appendix is a small, tube-shaped organ that is attached to the large intestine. Acute appendicitis is when someone's appendix gets very sore and has pain in the lower-right side of their stomach. It can happen quickly. The appendix might need to be taken out, so it does not hurt anymore. Antibiotics will be given, and surgery needs to happen within a day or two of the diagnosis.

The main causes for acute appendicitis are Infection or parasites, or foreign bodies like seeds getting attached to an appendix, increase in gas pressure inside the abdomen (usually secondary to constipation), pregnancy in women over 30 years old, abnormal anatomy (a congenital abnormality).

Symptoms of Acute Appendicitis:

The symptoms of acute Appendicitis in adults can include:

• Sudden pain around the belly button
• Sudden central abdominal pain migrating to the lower right abdominal region
• Intensified pain during first 24 hours
• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal bloating, swelling and flatulence
• Diarrhea or constipation
• Loss of appetite
• Low-grade fever

Children will usually show symptoms like these:

• Pain in the lower right abdominal region
• Low-grade fever
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea and vomiting

Causes of Acute Appendicitis:

The main causes of acute appendicitis are an infection, a parasite, or a foreign object like a seed that attaches to the appendix. Sometimes constipation can cause gas pressure in the abdomen and lead to appendicitis. Women who are over 30 years old and pregnant sometimes get this disease. If someone has had surgery on their appendix before they might be more at risk for it happening again because of abnormal anatomy. Doctors think that when bacteria block up the area where the food and waste go through and there is inflammation and infection it will happen.

• Viral/bacterial/parasitic infections
• Enlarged lymphoid follicles
• Hardened stool build-up
• Traumatic injuries
• Tumors
• Intestinal worms

Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis

In some cases, people cannot get an ultrasound. They can do a blood test. If you have appendicitis then the doctor will ask you questions and then give you a series of tests. These tests might include an ultrasound or blood test.

Physical examination:

Your doctor will put pressure on your stomach. If you have swelling, tenderness or if the stomach is hard it means that something is wrong.

Blood test:

A blood sample is taken to assess the complete blood count. This helps doctors diagnose problems with your body.

Urine test:

When someone has pain, they do a urine analysis. This helps to figure out what is wrong with their body.

Imaging tests:

Doctors can do an imaging scan to check for other causes of your pain. This might be an abdominal X-ray, MRI, CT scan, or ultrasound.

Complications of Acute Appendicitis

Complications can happen during surgery. The doctor will have to fix the problem before it becomes worse. If something goes wrong, it could lead to an infection or fluid leaking into the abdomen, which is not good for your body. It could also cause you to have shock, which is when your whole system slows down because of these problems that are happening in your body. If there are other problems that happen outside of the area near the appendix, they might be infections too and will need treatment with medicine.

Treatment for Acute Appendicitis

Usually, if you get appendicitis, doctors will use antibiotics and surgery to make it better. If you have pus in your stomach (peritonitis), then they might need to do surgery right away. These surgeries usually involve removing the appendix. There are two types of these surgeries:

Open surgery:

The surgery is done with a cut that is about 4-5 inches long in the lower right side of your belly.

Laparoscopy:

The surgery is done with small incisions and a video camera. It removes your appendix.

Although laparoscopy can make it easier to heal and recover from surgery, it is not the best option for everyone. If you have had appendicitis and the infection has spread beyond your appendix, then open surgery may be a better option. Recovery from this will take about 1-2 days.

Acute gastroenteritis is a disease in which you get sick from food or water that has been contaminated with microorganisms. It makes it hard for you to keep anything down, including liquids. It is common in children but can affect people of all ages. Worldwide, viral gastroenteritis causes 2-5 billion cases and millions of deaths each year in children under 5 years old. Viral gastroenteritis can be dangerous for people with weak immune systems like infants, children, and older adults. You should take precautions to avoid contaminated food and water to keep healthy.

Symptoms of Acute Gastroenteritis

Acute gastroenteritis can cause a person to feel sick with these symptoms:

• Severe abdominal pain and cramps
• Passage of frequent watery stools (diarrhoea)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Headache and low-grade fever due to infection
• Occasional muscle aches
• Dehydration as a result of constant diarrhoea and vomiting
• Dry skin, dry mouth, and lightheadedness, low urine output

It's critical to be aware of indications of dehydration and visit a doctor as soon as possible.

Causes of Gastroenteritis

Bacteria, viruses, and protozoa are the causes of gastroenteritis. The two primary viral infections that cause gastroenteritis are:

Rotavirus:

It's the most notorious viral gastroenteritis in youngsters across the world. Infants and small children are particularly vulnerable to this form of illness. When infants or young kids touch contaminated objects and put their fingers into their mouths, they may get infected. Adults can also be affected by this virus; however, they might not have any symptoms but can still spread it.

Norovirus:

It's also known as Winter Flu, and it's the most prevalent food-borne illness in the world, affecting both adults and children. The contamination of food and water is most likely how this virus spreads.

Bacteria and their toxins, such as those produced by Staphylococcus or E. coli, or Bacillus cereus, cause the majority of food poisoning incidents.

Food poisoning is the most prevalent cause of acute gastritis, which is triggered by a number of other factors, including:

• Consumption of food contaminated with any of these pathogenic microorganisms.
• Sharing of food, utensils, or towels with an infected person.
• Not washing hands after using the toilet.
• Consumption of raw, undercooked food.

Treatment of Acute Gastroenteritis

Management of acute gastroenteritis focuses on preventing dehydration, controlling diarrhea and vomiting, with enough nutrition, and prevention of other complications.

Oral rehydration solutions are used to treat mild to moderate dehydration at home.

Severe dehydration may require hospitalization and administration of intravenous fluids.

Prebiotic and probiotic foods may be advised to improve gut health and prevent diarrhoea and vomiting.

Oral zinc, bismuth compounds, or loperamide may be prescribed during the onset of symptoms to reduce the severity of diarrhoea.

Antibiotics are only indicated in cases of bacterial gastroenteritis associated with septicaemia.

Risk Factors for Acute Gastroenteritis

Anyone can become infected with acute gastroenteritis. However, the risk of infection is higher in infants and young children, pregnant women, older adults with weaker immune systems, people dealing with chronic diseases like diabetes or heart disease, those who are on specific medications like chemotherapy drugs. There's also an increased chance of viral gastroenteritis at day-care centers and nursing homes due to constant person-to-person contact.

Preventions of Acute Gastroenteritis

The best way to prevent contracting acute gastroenteritis is to avoid contaminated food and water supplies by using licensed food handlers to prepare food at home. It is advisable to keep utensils used in preparation separate from those used for serving. Hands should be washed before and after handling food, especially when using the toilet.

Avoid coming into contact with people suffering from severe diarrhoea or vomiting as they are at risk of spreading microorganisms that cause gastroenteritis. Wash hands thoroughly if in such close proximity.

Have you ever experienced Abdominal muscle pain? Have you wondered what causes abdominal pain and how to get relief from abdominal pain? Abdominal pain is one of the most frequent ailments that a doctor sees in his or her daily practice. Abdominal discomfort can be caused by a variety of factors. In some cases, abdominal suffering is simply a sign of another sickness and will go away once the underlying cause is addressed. Appendicitis and gall bladder stones, on the other hand, can also produce abdominal pain. The type of food that you consume may irritate your stomach, which might cause abdominal discomfort.

Abdominal pain, along with belly bloating, nausea, and belching beyond normal. This happens when your abdominal muscles are stretched beyond their usual limit. Lifting heavy weights can also lead to abdominal discomfort if you strain your abdomen while doing so. It is not suggested that you pick up hefty items, as it might result in abdominal muscle strain and pain.

The most common causes of abdominal muscle strain include:

• Exertion, strenuous activity or exercise
• Stomachs upset, such as nausea or vomiting
• Abdominal muscle strain, cramp, or spasm
• Abdominal muscle tear

Symptoms of abdominal muscle pain include:

Tenderness, bloating, and stiffness in the abdomen. Vomiting, nausea, fever, shivers, diarrhea, and constipation are also possible symptoms.

Abdominal discomfort can last a few hours or days, but it might linger for weeks or months in some instances. If you are experiencing abdominal pain for more than a few weeks, you should see your doctor right away since this might be a sign of an underlying problem such as appendicitis or inflammation of the liver, gallbladder stones, and other conditions.

Treatment of abdominal muscle pain at home:

Abdominal muscles are made up of three distinct layers. The abdominal muscles contain nerves and blood vessels. A strain of the abdominal muscle is painful and tender. Simple home treatments can help you get rid of abdominal muscle strain.

To relieve pain caused by strained muscles, you can use hot fomentation on the abdomen. You should not apply direct heat to the abdomen but may instead wrap a hot water bag around it. Follow these steps to take care of your stomach:

• Set it afire, then cool it down.
• Apply the heat for a few minutes before removing it.
• Repeat this procedure several times until you experience pain relief from your abdominal cramp and strain.

If you experience Stomach Muscle Pain, you should lie down flat with your back on the bed to prevent gravity from putting pressure on your abdominal muscles and causing another spasm. You should avoid any activities that might increase abdominal muscle spasms since they will only make things worse. You suffer an abdominal muscle tear, apply an ice pack over your abdomen immediately afterward to decrease inflammation. If you don't have access to an ice pack, a bag of ice cubes will do.

For any queries related to abdominal pain ask our consultant at Gleneagles Hospital, Mumbai Department of Gastroenterology.

Too Important stress can make you feel bad and not be healthy. So when you're resting your body, make sure to keep your internal health in good shape too.

Doctors say that people who are addicted to cigarettes or medicines are more likely to get big problems. This is because these dependencies can hurt your lungs and lower your vulnerable system. People in this group might get lung and heart problems, or other long- term conditions. These could be serious too! If you are in this group, go see it.

Below are some tips for maintaining a healthy internal mind state:

Tone- care is salutary to both the mind and body. Connect with others and take excellent care of your mind and body in order to get the support you need to manage your emotional difficulties.

Be careful with your physical health

• Eat healthy- Elect a healthy eating plan that's right for you. Refined sugar and adipose dishes should be avoided. Caffeine might make you anxious and tense, so avoid it if possible.
• Get ample sleep-You should get at least 7-8 hours of sleep every day.
• Physical Exertion- Exercising regularly may reduce anxiety and ameliorate your mood. Do any kind of exercise in the morning or evening to come mentally and physically healthy. You can engage in a variety of internal health- boosting conditioning.
• Avoid unhealthy habits-You are more likely to get a critical illness if you bomb or vape, which is why utmost smokers and vapers develop one. To handle the problem, don't drink alcohol or use any other drugs.

Take care of your internal health

• Limit your exposure to the news and social media-Constant news content of graphical material from TV stations and social media will make you more angry and frantic. Rather, start a new pastime, similar as oil or jotting, that will profit your internal health.
• Maintain a day-to-day routine- Maintaining a regular schedule is critical to one's internal health. Maintaining an established pattern will prop in maintaining lesser control of your studies.
• You may concentrate on affable effects-When you concentrate on salutary effects, your mind comes to feel cleaner, and your internal health improves. You could make a list of multitudinous particulars to be thankful for or maintain a stopgap for a brighter future as an illustration.
• Yoga is an important tool for internal health. Yoga has been proven to help people with a variety of internal health enterprises, including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, ADHD, and posttraumatic stress complaint.
• Connect with people you watch about-If you are going down from your family for work or academy, keep in touch with them as constantly as possible and express yourself. In this manner, you will be better equipped to manage your feelings. Musketeers are awful stress relievers; spend time with them as much as doable.
• When you bear backing, do not be hysterical to ask for it. Numerous people are strange with their internal health conditions and go through a lot. However, see your croaker, If any of the following issues persist. Passions of inadequacy, worthlessness, or guilt Passing changes in your eating habits Sleeping problems Being detracted by studies about tone- detriment.

Final thoughts

Still, you may be in for a surprise, If you believe that internal health issues like anxiety or sadness will go down on their own. However, get help and be outspoken about how effects are progressing, If you are having internal health problems or another medical problem that affects your mood. You may reach out to the Gleneagles Hospital in Mumbai for further information or backing.

You may reach out to the Gleneagles Hospital, Mumbai Department of Psychiatry for further information or backing.

In the lower right corner of the abdomen, there lies a vestigial organ called the appendix. When the appendix becomes infected this condition is known as acute appendicitis. In this situation, it is necessary to remove the infected appendix. An appendectomy operation is performed in such conditions where the infected appendix is removed and is typically a necessary emergency procedure.

Types of Appendix Operation

Appendectomy is of two types:

1. Open Appendectomy

   • In case of burst or spread of infection open appendectomy is preferred

• Higher negative appendectomy rate
• A longer recovery period leads to a prolonged hospital stay
• Greater chances of wound infection & post-operative complications
• Open appendectomy leads to scar formation & cosmetic disfigurement

1. Laparoscopic Appendectomy

   • Quick Recovery & Shorter duration of hospital stay
   • Fewer chances of wound infection
   • Fewer post-operative complications
   • The minimally invasive procedure leads to less/no post-operative
   • scar formation

• Comparatively costlier than open appendix operation
• Requires greater expertise and advanced equipment
• Cannot be performed in case of a burst appendix or when the infection has spread

When is an appendectomy required?

Symptoms for appendectomy

• Appendicitis Pain around the umbilicus & shifting to the right lower abdomen which aggravates on walking, jumping or coughing
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea & vomiting
• Diarrhoea
• Fever with chills
• Malaise

Signs for appendectomy

• High-grade fever
• Right lower abdomen becomes tender
• Muscle guarding & rebound tenderness

Appendix Treatment

Most people require surgical intervention called as appendectomy for acute appendicitis treatment for both ruptured or non-ruptured cases appendix removal needs to be done, mild cases of appendicitis may recover by intravenous antibiotics but still the patient needs to take regular follow up with the doctor as in such cases anytime appendix operation may be required.

Appendicitis in children

Appendicitis in kids is usually common amongst children between 5-20 years of age & rarely occurs in children less than 1 year of age, symptoms and treatment is same as in adults for acute appendicitis in children

Appendix Operation: What you should know about it?

Before the procedure

Evaluation of patient by the doctor

• History taking & Clinical examination of the patient in reference to signs & symptoms and past medical condition
• Blood and radiological investigations like abdominal USG or CECT Abdomen are done to reduce the rate of negative appendectomy
• Consent for surgery needs to be signed by the patient
• Pre anaesthetic check-up is done by the anaesthesiologist
• No food or water intake for a minimum of 8 hours before the appendix operation
• Injectable Antibiotics are given to reduce the risk of infection

During Appendix Operation

Appendectomy is usually an emergency procedure, based on the condition of the patient, the doctor will decide whether to perform an open or laparoscopic appendix operation.

• Part preparation is done which includes cleaning of operation site with an antiseptic agent and draping is done
• IV Cannula is inserted
• Anaesthetic drug is given (General Anaesthesia)
• An endotracheal tube is inserted
• Vitals are monitored by the anaesthesiologist

Open Appendectomy

• 2-4 inches incision is made over the skin of right lower abdominal wall and appendix is visualised
• The appendix is tied with stitches and removed
• The operated site is closed in layers with the help of stitches and after placing a drainage tube, antiseptic dressing is done

Laparoscopic Appendectomy

• 0.5-1 inch incisions are made for the insertion of the laparoscope
• Carbon dioxide is filled in the abdominal cavity for better visualization of the appendix as well as other organs
• The appendix is tied off with stitches and removed through the incision
• All the laparoscopic tools are removed, and a drainage tube is put followed by an antiseptic dressing

After the operation, the appendix is sent to the lab for pathological examination

Risks associated with an appendix operation

• Wound infection
• Pus formation inside the abdomen
• Pneumonia
• Venous thromboembolism
• Anal fistula formation
• Adhesive intestinal obstruction

Appendix Operation Cost

Open appendectomy operation with length of stay 2 days would cost approximately Rs.1, 20,000 – 2, 30,000 depending upon the room category and other extra amenities

Laparoscopic appendectomy operation with length of stay 2 would cost approximately Rs.1, 60,000-Rs.3, 00,000 depending upon room category and other extra amenities

Whiplash is an injury occurring due to forcibly bending of the neck forward or backward / due to sudden neck strain

Causes of Whiplash Injury

Major causes of whiplash injury are:

• Road traffic accidents – most common in rear collisions
• Sports Injury
• Fall
• Amusement park rides
• Physical abuse
• Adventure Sports

What are the symptoms of Whiplash Injury?

Symptoms for a whiplash injury may take 24hrs to a few days to appear

The most common symptoms of whiplash injury are:

• Whiplash neck pain
• Neck Stiffness
• Dizziness
• Shoulder pain
• Lower back pain
• Fatigue
• Sleep disturbance
• Arm pain

Diagnosis of Whiplash – How is it done?

• Complete history and examination of the affected area in detail by the doctor
• X-ray to rule out any fractures
• In whiplash injury most frequently involved are the muscles/tendons, for best visualization of these imaging techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) / Computerized Tomography (CT) Scans are considered as the choice of investigation of choice

Complications of Whiplash (Neck Strain)?

Whiplash Injury is curable, most of the people diagnosed with whiplash recover within a few weeks to months, in a few cases the pain may stay for longer

Whiplash Treatment

After being diagnosed with whiplash injury, Multiple factors are kept into consideration before starting the treatment by the doctors such as the age of the patient, severity of the injury, range of motion of the affected part, tenderness, reflexes

The main aim of the treatment is to ensure that patient’s pain is reduced and with time normal range of movements of the affected part is achieved and the person is able to lead a normal life

• Rest - is the most important part of treatment as the lesser the patient will put a strain on the affected area better will it heal
• Hot/Cold Pack application - Hot/Cold pack depending upon the severity & time passed since the injury, 15-20 minutes of cold/hot pack application every day at an interval of 3-4 hours will help in reducing the inflammation of the affected area and speed up the recovery process
• Neck Collar - To support & restrict the movement of the affected area foam collar will be required and will also help in reducing the pain
• Medications - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen will help in reducing whiplash pain
• Muscle Relaxants & Injectables - In severe cases of pain & injury muscle relaxants & steroid injections may be prescribed by the doctor
• Physiotherapy - With the decrease in pain to improve the mobility and strength of the affected part physiotherapy will be required such as rotational exercises, laser therapy such as TENS (Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation) may be required.