Psoriatic arthritis is a type of arthritis that affects some people who have psoriasis, a skin ailment characterised by red patches of skin topped by silvery scales. Most patients get psoriasis first and then get psoriatic arthritis, however, joint problems can sometimes be present before skin rashes.

With a combination of exercise, medications, and other treatments, you can treat your psoriatic arthritis symptoms or perhaps prevent them from occurring.

Ways To Control Psoriatic Arthritis

Exercising and working out are some of the best ways of preventing arthritis. Low-impact sports like walking, swimming, or bicycling. Make careful to pace yourself as well.

When you make exercise a habit, you will be able to:

• Ease arthritis symptoms
• Improve your movements
• Get more robust and flexible
• Maintain a healthy weight to relieve pressure on your joints
• Help your heart
• Enhance your mood
• Boost energy in your body

You can exercise on your own or with the assistance of a physical therapist. Warm-up initially to allow your muscles to adjust.

Water therapy, often known as hydrotherapy or aqua therapy, is one of your most pleasing possibilities. It's a workout regimen that takes place in a pool. Because the water relieves some of the strain on your joints, you may find it simpler to perform if you’re suffering from psoriatic arthritis.

Whatever activity you choose, be sure you enjoy it enough to perform it regularly. Also, make an effort to stay active during the day. Walk your dog, play with your kids, do household chores, etc.

Know Your Triggers

People with psoriatic arthritis frequently have skin symptoms before the onset of a flare-up. Typical psoriasis symptoms include:

• Skin that dries, cracks, itches, and even bleeds
• Reddish patches of skin covered in silvery scales
• Fingernails and toenails that get small lines (ridges) or holes (pits)
• Sore, itchy, or burning skin

Common triggers for psoriatic flares include:

• Skipping your psoriatic arthritis medication
• Sunburn
• Injury to a joint
• Stress
• Strenuous exercise
• Skin injury
• Bacterial infections like strep throat
• Drinking alcohol
• Smoking
• Changes in the weather
• Certain medications
• Allergies
• Poor diet

It is generally beneficial to keep a record of your symptoms and details about your nutrition, exercise, stress, and sleep. This can be done in a simple pocket diary or on a note-taking app on your smartphone. Then, you and your doctor can work together to identify potential triggering situations so that you can try to avoid them in the future and manage them when they do occur.

Ways To Protect Your Joints

You do not have to give up the things you enjoy doing. Just search for ways to execute something that doesn't put too much strain on your joints.

Changing the way you walk, sit, stand, or hold items can all be beneficial. Adjust your posture at work, move up from the chair and walk around for a few seconds every few hours. Simple things like these can make you feel better and be beneficial in the long run.

1. Pace Yourself: Alter between heavy, complex, or repetitious work and light, simple chores. Take frequent pauses.
2. Be Kind To Your Joints: Put no or very little stress on them if possible, use larger, stronger joints rather than smaller ones. Wear a shoulder bag rather than a portable handbag, for example.
3. Get An Assist: Many handy items, such as canes, grab bars, extra-thick pens, luggage carts, and sit/stand stools, can make your day go more smoothly. Inquire with an occupational therapist about which ones would be beneficial to you.
4. Use The Hot And Cold Method: Moist heat can help to relax achy muscles, as well as reduce stiffness and joint discomfort. You can relax with a warm cloth, a hot pack, or a warm bath or shower.

Cold can reduce swelling and alleviate pain. You can keep cool with a bag of ice or frozen vegetables wrapped in a towel.

It's normal to have flare-ups, but there will also be moments when you feel better. consult your doctor if you experience any new symptoms. This will assist keep things in balance and prevent further joint damage. In addition, treatment can help you keep your symptoms under control.

Get treated at the best orthopaedics hospital in Hyderabad, Gleneagles Aware Hospital.

What is Orthopedic Physiotherapy?

Orthopedic Physiotherapy aims to treat the ailments and injuries of the musculoskeletal system. The musculoskeletal system consists of bones, tendons, ligaments, muscles, and connective tissues. The system is essential to the human structure as it supports, helps movement, and protects the organs. Injuries, diseases, and irregularities lead to complications and disability and reduce the quality of life. Orthopedic Physiotherapy corrects defects, improves function, and enhances bone and muscle health.

What is the difference between Orthopedics and Physiotherapy?

Orthopedic Injuries like fractures and sprains and orthopedic conditions like arthritis are common. These injuries and illnesses need medical attention to prevent further complications. It is normal to get confused between orthopedic and physiotherapy treatment in such a situation. Both these specialities deal with musculoskeletal problems. The following differences distinguish the two treatments.

Orthopedics

Physiotherapy

Orthopedics treats conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system.

Physiotherapy aims at restoring function, improving balance, promoting recovery, and managing pain.

Includes diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal complications.

Employs methods and techniques for correcting musculoskeletal disorders and injuries.

Uses both surgical and non-surgical methods for treatment.

Uses only non-surgical methods

The person who specializes in orthopedic physical therapy is an Orthopedic Surgeon or Orthopedic Doctor.

The specialist who treats orthopedic conditions in physiotherapy is called a Physiotherapist.

Treats bones and muscles related conditions like

• Arthritis;
• Tendinitis;
• Osteoarthritis;
• Bursitis;
• Dislocation;
• Sprain;
• Bone Cancer;
• Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy

Treats disorders caused by musculoskeletal, neurological, and cardiopulmonary problems like

• Cerebral Stroke;
• Cerebral Palsy;
• Parkinson's disease;
• Rehabilitation post-surgery;

Visit Gleneagles Aware Hospitals, L B Nagar, Hyderabad, for consultation with Dr J.V.S. Vidya Sagar, Dr Ashwin Kumar, Dr V V Satyanarayana E

What conditions are treated in Ortho Therapy?

Ortho Therapy is a sub-speciality of physiotherapy. It treats musculoskeletal injuries and conditions to improve functioning and relieve pain. The different orthopedic conditions treated by ortho physical therapy are as follows:

• Orthopedic Injuries like fractures, sprains, and tears;
• Orthopedic Conditions like Oesthearthritis, Osteoporosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Spondylitis, Tendinitis, or Bursitis;
• Orthopedic rehabilitation of hips, foot, ankle, knee, and shoulder post-surgery;
• Mobility problems like Frozen Shoulder and tear in the rotator cuff;
• Conditions like Carpal Tunnel and Tennis Elbow caused due to nerve compression and over-repetition of movements.
• Trauma and orthopedic injuries sustained in an accident;
• Incorrect Posture;
• Improper Balance.

Enquire now or book an appointment at Gleneagles Aware Hospitals, L B Nagar, Hyderabad, for consultation with our experienced specialists.

What is the assessment procedure for Ortho Therapy?

Your orthopedic will perform the following steps to recommend an ortho physical therapy treatment.

• Noting and analyzing your medical history with orthopedic injuries or similar conditions;
• Observe and tests your movements for identifying imbalances;
• Physical examination of your movements, mobility, and reflexes;
• Identifying problem areas, functional imbalance, mobility issues, or any other abnormalities;
• Running diagnostic tests like X-rays and scans for detection.

What are the different types of Ortho Physiotherapy treatments?

The various treatments involved in ortho physical therapy are as follows:

• Manual Therapy:

Manual movements of joints for reducing pain and restoring mobility. Uses methods like mobilization and manipulation.

• Massage Therapy:

Application of light pressure for healing scar tissue in muscles and ligaments.

• Ultrasound Therapy:

Use of ultrasonic waves produced by an electric machine. The waves promote muscle relaxation, regeneration, increased circulation, and reduction in pain.

• Inferential Therapy (IFT):

Transmission of electric current through electrodes attached to the body. IFT is beneficial for reducing swelling and pain relief.

• Hot/Cold Therapy:

Cryotherapy (Cold) and thermal therapy (hot) reduce muscle swelling and pain.

• Traction:

Decompressing of joints in the lower back, neck, and spinal disc with the help of equipment or by the therapist.

• TENS:

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) provides pain relief by blocking the brain's pain receptors through low-voltage electrical currents.

• NMES:

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) facilitates muscle contraction to improve blood flow and promote healing of the injured muscles by sending electrical impulses to the nerve.

• Taping of the Joint:

For providing support to muscles and facilitating movement.

• Exercises at home:

To improve mobility, strengthen joints and muscles, and help you regain balance.

What are the benefits of Orthopedic Rehabilitation Physical Therapy?

Orthopedic Rehabilitation includes treatments adopted for promoting recovery after an injury or surgery. Orthopedic Physical Therapy, as a part of your rehabilitation, treats orthopedic issues like;

• Pain or reduced mobility in joints like shoulder, hips, elbows, knees, foot, or ankle;
• Orthopedic conditions like Arthritis;
• Orthopedic injuries like fractures, tears in ligaments and muscles;
• Replacement of joints;
• Nerves and tissue-related issues like Carpel tunnel and Tennis Elbow problems;
• Orthopedic Surgery for treating musculoskeletal problems.

While physiotherapists also treat these problems, an orthopedic specializes in orthopedic rehabilitation. Ortho Physiotherapy as a part of your rehabilitation programs gives you the following benefits:

• Improvement in mobility;
• Improvement in balance and posture;
• Improvement in muscular strength;
• Reduction in pain;
• Reduction in swelling and stiffness;
• Improved recovery after surgery;
• Optimization in the range of motion of joints;
• Reduced dependency on painkillers;
• Improved flexibility and reduction in the chances of injury.

Orthopedic Physiotherapy provides treatment and recovery for ortho-related issues. Enquire now or book an appointmentat Gleneagles Aware Hospitals, L B Nagar, Hyderabad, for consultation with the best orthopedics in hyderabad our experienced and renowned specialists.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

How long is the recovery time for orthopedic surgery?

The recovery time varies depending on the injury, the type of treatment, age, and fitness levels.

When is orthopedic surgery performed?

Orthopedic surgery is performed for replacements of joints like knee or hip. It can be performed for diagnostic purposes or when the condition is untreatable through ortho physical therapy.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

You may experience side effects like

• muscle soreness and tenderness;
• fatigue;
• swelling;
• reaction to ointments and solutions used in the treatment.

What kind of exercises are performed in Ortho Therapy?

• Stretching exercises;
• Plyometric exercise for enhancing endurance;
• Mobility exercises to improve range of motion;
• Exercises to improve balance and posture.

What is Stomach Cancer?

Stomach Cancer, or Gastric Cancer, is the uncontrolled growth of cells in the stomach. The stomach is a part of our digestive system and produces enzymes and acids for breaking down the food we consume. The stomach's inner lining, Mucosa, produces the enzymes and acids for digestion.

As observed in many cases, stomach cancer begins in the tissues of the Mucosa. The cancerous cells can grow uncontrolled and spread to other organs of our digestive system or enter the bloodstream resulting in the spread of cancer.

Different Types of Stomach Cancer

The different types of stomach cancer are based on the tissue they originate from. The following are the different types:

• Adenocarcinoma:

Cancer originates in the cells of the stomach's inner lining (Mucosa).

• Lymphoma:

Cancer of the lymphocytes located in the stomach wall. Lymphocyte cells are a part of the immune system.

• Sarcoma:

Cancer that begins in the soft tissues and bones. Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs), a rare form of cancer, develops in the walls and the tissue lining of the stomach.

• Neuroendocrine Tumors:

Cancer in the cells of the neuroendocrine system. The cells act as nerve cells and hormone-producing cells in the digestive system.

What Causes Stomach Cancer?

What causes stomach cancer has not yet been accurately determined and is a subject of study. However, some lifestyle, genetic and external factors may lead to the occurrence and growth of cancer cells in the stomach. Some factors are as follows:

• Consumption of highly salted and processed foods
• Excessive smoking and alcohol consumption
• Obesity
• Family history of cancer
• Exposure to cancer-causing substances
• Malignant tumours or growth in the other organs of the digestive system
• Helicobacter Pylori, a micro-organism that causes bacterial infection in the stomach leading to cancerous ulcers
• Genetic Predisposition towards certain conditions and syndromes like Lynch Syndrome and weak immunity is one of the many causes of stomach cancer.

Symptoms of Stomach Cancer

The symptoms of stomach cancer become more evident in the advanced stages. The symptoms that do appear are often misunderstood as common ailments. This makes stomach cancer detection difficult in its early setting. The following are more indicators of malignancy:

• Loss of Weight
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea, Fatigue and Vomiting
• Indigestion and Heartburn
• Vomiting Blood
• Dark or black stool
• Abdominal Pain
• Difficulty in Swallowing
• Feeling constantly bloated
• Feeling full after eating little food

Risks and Complications Related to Stomach Cancer

Stomach Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cancerous cells in the stomach. The risk and complications associated with different stomach cancer stages are as follows:

• In its early stage, stomach cancer manifests in symptoms like weight loss, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and other gastric problems.
• Gastrointestinal Bleeding can occur in both the initial and last stage of cancer. Bleeding lowers the red blood cells leading to anaemia, and the stools become darker.
• Malignant tumours on the stomach lining can burst and make a perforation (hole) in the gastrointestinal tract. Gastric perforation is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention.
• Obstruction of the small bowel due to the advancement of cancer in the abdominal region blocks the passage of waste from digestion, causing bloating, vomiting and other problems.

Diagnosis for Stomach Cancer

Suppose you are having gastrointestinal issues out of the blue. In that case, you should visit a health centre for a stomach cancer diagnosis. The steps for stomach cancer detection are as follows:

• Physical Examination by the doctor
• Medical History and the family history of the disease will be noted.
• Blood tests
• Upper Endoscopy for examining the stomach by inserting a camera attached to a tube
• Biopsy of the sample collected through endoscopy to check for cancer
• Radiology Scans such as CT scans, MRI and PET scan for identifying tumours and the extent of cancer growth
• Laparoscopy for a closer examination of the state of cancer through minimally invasive surgical instruments

What is the Treatment for Stomach Cancer?

Stomach Cancer treatment depends on the extent of cancer growth in the body.

• Stomach Cancer Surgery is performed to remove tumour growth or the affected region of the stomach to prevent cancer from spreading.
• Stomach Cancer Chemotherapy for eliminating cancer cells in the body. Chemotherapy can also be combined with other suitable treatment options for the cancer stage.
• Radiation therapy is used for explicitly targeting cancerous cells through X-ray beams without affecting the healthy cells in our body.
• Drug therapy is used with chemotherapy to kill cancer cells in the advanced stage.
• Immunotherapy promotes the identification and destruction of cancer cells. The therapy helps control the metastasis of cancer.

Prevention of Stomach Cancer

Can stomach cancer be cured? The answer depends on factors like the present stage, immunity levels, genetics, lifestyle etc. However, steps can be undertaken to prevent stomach cancer.

• The immediate diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal-related conditions
• Prompt treatment of Helicobacter Pylori bacterial infection as it is a high-risk factor
• Consume a healthy and well-balanced diet and avoid processed, starchy and salty food
• Exercise regularly and maintain a healthy body weight
• Limit alcohol consumption and quit smoking

Diagnosis and treatment from expert healthcare providers prove beneficial in managing the symptoms and efficiently treating stomach cancer. You can enquire now or book an appointment at Gleneagles Aware Hospital, L B Nagar, Hyderabad for consultation with our best gastroenterologists in hyderabad and our cancer care specialists.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Who is more likely to get stomach cancer?

People over 50 years of age who suffer from gastrointestinal issues, live an unhealthy lifestyle and have a family history of cancer have a high chance of developing the disease.

When should I visit a doctor?

You should visit a specialist in case of sudden weight loss, increased gastric problems, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, blood in vomit and black stools.

Is surgery essential for treating stomach cancer?

Stomach cancer surgery is beneficial in controlling the spread of cancer to other body parts in an advanced stage of the disease.

What type of treatment do I need for treating stomach cancer?

Your healthcare provider will determine the suitable treatment after diagnosing the symptoms and the severity of the condition.

Can it be operated laparoscopically?

Yes, it can be operated with laparoscope surgery & minimal hospital stay.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis that affects millions of adults worldwide. It is a degenerative condition that causes pain and inflammation by gradually destroying the cartilage in your joints. Though osteoarthritis can affect every joint, the knees, hips, hands, and spine are the most commonly affected.

While there is no cure for osteoarthritis and the damage to joints can't be reversed, symptoms can usually be managed by staying active, maintaining a healthy weight, and receiving specific treatments that might slow the progression of the disease and help tackle the pain and improve joint functions.

What is Osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis is arthritis in which the protective cartilage that provides the cushioning effect in a joint wears away. As a result, bones grind against one another during joint movement, causing distress, oedema, and stiffness.

The changes in the cartilage usually occur slowly over many years. Inflammation and injury to the joint may trigger bony changes and deterioration of the tendons and ligaments and cause the cartilage to break down.

Though osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis show similar symptoms, the latter is an autoimmune condition. It is important to note that while osteoarthritis is the inflammation of the joint, osteoarthrosis involves the degeneration of the joint.

Different types of Osteoarthritis

Depending upon the cause, osteoarthritis can be of two types:

• Primary:

This is the most common form of osteoarthritis and occurs when joints wear out with age.

• Secondary:

This type of arthritis is less common and occurs due to an accident or other conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.

There are various treatments available for osteoarthritis, but no cure. Treatment focuses on symptom relief and enhancing quality of life. Weight loss, exercise, pain relief medication, and surgery are all standard therapies.

What Causes Osteoarthritis?

There can be several osteoarthritis causes. Primary osteoarthritis is said to have heterogeneous causes, meaning many different conditions can cause this. Age is one of the most common causes of primary osteoarthritis. This is because, as we age, the cartilage in our joints begins to thin and degrade, losing its ability to protect the bones from impact. This can result in inflammation, pain, and stiffness. The type of pain in osteoarthritis can range from dull and aching to sharp shooting.

Symptoms for Osteoarthritis?

The symptoms of osteoarthritis usually develop over a period of time, and the most common ones include the following:

• Pain
• Stiffness
• Tenderness in the joints
• Loss of flexibility of the joint
• A grating feeling, cracking, or popping sound when there is a joint movement
• Swelling around the affected joint that may be warm to touch
• Presence of bone spurs

The severity of symptoms may vary from person to person. Some people may only experience mild symptoms that come and go, while others may have more severe and prolonged symptoms that interfere with their everyday activities.

Risks & Complications related to Osteoarthritis

A few factors that increase your risk of developing osteoarthritis include:

• Obesity:

Carrying extra body weight adds to the stress on your joints, increasing your risk for osteoarthritis.

• Trauma or injury to the joint:

Injuries from sports or accidents increase the risk for osteoarthritis.

• Repeated stress on the joint:

A joint frequently and persistently under stress has a higher chance of developing osteoarthritis.

• Gender:

Women are more likely to develop osteoarthritis compared to men

• Genetics:

Some people may have an inherited tendency to develop osteoarthritis

• Metabolic diseases:

People with diabetes and haemochromatosis (excess iron in the blood) are at a greater risk for osteoarthritis.

You must talk to your doctor at Gleneagles Aware Hospitals, L B Nagar, if you think you may be at risk for osteoarthritis. They will be able to help you determine if you have the condition and recommend the best course of treatment.

Diagnosis for Osteoarthritis

There is no specific test to diagnose osteoarthritis. Usually, diagnosis of this condition involves the following:

• A complete medical history of your signs and symptoms and other conditions you may have.
• Complete family history of joint pains or arthritis.
• A thorough physical examination to check for your general health, joints, and reflexes.
• Imaging tests like x-rays and MRIs give your doctor a detailed picture of your bones, joints, and other soft tissues in the area.
• Routine blood tests to rule out other conditions.
• Fluid samples may be collected and tested for infection and conditions like gout.

How is Osteoarthritis Treated?

Osteoarthritis treatment primarily aims to reduce symptoms, improve joint function, prevent disease progression and improve quality of life. Standard osteoarthritis treatment involves:

• Medication:

Several different drugs can be used to treat osteoarthritis. Pain relief medication can help manage the pain associated with the condition. Anti-inflammatory medication help reduce inflammation and swelling.

• Surgery:

It may sometimes be recommended to repair damage to the joints.

• Exercise:

Exercise is an important part of osteoarthritis treatment. It helps strengthen the muscles around the joints, which can help to take some of the pressure off of the damaged joint. Talking to a doctor or physical therapist before starting an exercise program is important, as they can help design a safe and effective program for your particular situation.

• Weight management:

Maintaining a healthy weight is important for people with osteoarthritis. Extra weight puts extra stress on the joints, which can make the pain worse. Losing weight can help to reduce this stress and improve overall symptoms.

Osteoarthritis Prevention

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that gradually wears away at the cartilage that covers and protects the ends of your bones. As the cartilage breaks down, bone rubs against bone, causing pain, swelling, and loss of motion in the joint.

A few ways to prevent osteoarthritis are:

• Maintaining a healthy weight,
• Regular exercise
• Avoiding activities that stress your joints.

If you have osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or other conditions that cause joint pain and difficult movement, a few treatments can help relieve your symptoms and improve your joint function.

Dr J.V.S. Vidya Sagar, Dr V V Satyanarayana E, Dr Ashwin Kumar are the best teams trained at Gleneagles Aware Hospitals, L B Nagar with expertise in cutting-edge medical treatments.

Book an Appointment now with the best orthopedics in Hyderabad. Enquire Now.

Frequently asked questions

What is osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis that occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of your bones breaks down. As the cartilage wears away, bone rubs against bone. This can cause pain, swelling, and loss of motion in the affected joint. Osteoarthritis is also known as degenerative joint disease or degenerative arthritis.

What causes osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis may occur due to one or more factors, including inflammation, ageing, joint injury, and obesity.

Who is at risk for osteoarthritis?

Anyone can develop osteoarthritis, but the condition is more common in people over age 50 or with a family history of the disease. Other risk factors include previous joint injury, obesity, and repetitive joint stress from occupations or sports.

Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic, degenerative disease that attacks the central nervous system. It's an unpredictable condition that can range from mild to disabling, and there is currently no cure. If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with MS, it's important to understand the different types, what causes them, and what treatments are available. Read on to learn more about this complex disease.

What Is Multiple Sclerosis?

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that attacks the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS consists of the brain, optic nerves and spinal cord. The immune system protects the body from infections and other foreign invaders. In people with MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks myelin—the protective sheath which covers humans' nerve fibres—and causes inflammation and damage to the nerve fibres. This damage disrupts communication between the brain and the rest of the body.

Different types of Multiple Sclerosis

There are four types of Multiple Sclerosis, each with its symptoms.

• Relapsing-remitting MS is the most common form of the disease. When the symptoms flare up, it is called an attack or relapse, followed by periods of partial or complete recovery (remissions).
• Secondary- Progressive MS is characterized by patients with relapses, remitting MS, who have gradually worsening symptoms even when they do not have attacks.
• Primary-progressive MS is marked by a slowly progressing disease from the start, with no relapses or remissions.
• Progressive-relapsing MS is a form that has features of both primary progressive and relapsing-remitting MS. It is marked by progression from the onset, with superimposed relapses (but no remission phases).

Multiple Sclerosis Causes

There is no known cause of MS, but it is thought to be triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental factors in multiple sclerosis patients. Scientists believe that a combination of genetic and environmental factors causes MS. Some people are born with a predisposition to developing MS, which means that they are more likely to develop the disease if exposed to certain environmental triggers.

It is not clear what these triggers might be, but some possible theories include the following:

Viruses:

There is evidence that certain viruses, such as the Epstein-Barr virus (which causes mono), may trigger MS.

Geography:

People who live in northern latitudes (such as Europe, Canada, and Alaska) are more likely to develop MS than those who live in southern latitudes (such as Africa, Asia, and South America). This may be due to differences in vitamin D levels or other environmental factors.

Smoking:

Smoking has been linked with an increased risk of developing MS.

Diet:

Some studies have suggested that diets high in saturated fats may increase the risk of developing MS.

The average Multiple sclerosis life expectancy for people is around 5 to 10 years lower than average, and this gap appears to be getting smaller all the time.

Multiple Sclerosis symptoms:

The most common signs of Multiple Sclerosis are:

• Fatigue
• Numbness or tingling in the limbs
• Weakness in the limbs & spasms
• Coordination and balance problems
• Bladder and bowel difficulties
• Vision problems
• Thinking and memory problems
• Walking & speaking difficulties
• Sensitivity to heat which makes symptoms worse

Risks & complication related to Multiple Sclerosis

There are several risks and complications associated with multiple Sclerosis. The effect of multiple Sclerosis is paralysis, which can occur if the disease progresses to the point where the muscles required for movement are affected. Other potential complications include seizures, blindness, and urinary incontinence.

MS can also lead to emotional difficulties, such as depression and anxiety. Dealing with a chronic illness can also take a toll on relationships. It is important to seek out support from family and friends and professional counsellors or therapists if needed.

Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis

There is no one test to diagnose multiple Sclerosis (MS). Instead, various tests may rule out other conditions and help confirm the diagnosis.

The process usually begins with a consultation with a neurologist, who will take a detailed medical history and perform a neurological exam. This will be followed by some or all of the following tests:

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the brain and/or spinal cord
• Spinal tap (lumbar puncture) to collect cerebrospinal fluid for analysis
• Blood tests to look for markers of inflammation or other conditions that can mimic MS
• Evoked potentials test to measure electrical activity in the nervous system in response to stimulation
• Optical coherence tomography – To look for the signs of MS in the eyes.

Once all the results are in, the neurologist can diagnose Multiple sclerosis disease.

How is Multiple Sclerosis Treatment done?

There are many ways to treat multiple Sclerosis, and the type of treatment depends on the severity of the disease. Treatment may be as simple as taking daily multiple sclerosis medications to manage symptoms for some people. Others may require more aggressive treatment, such as regular injections or infusions of disease-modifying drugs. Some people with MS may even need surgery to correct problems caused by the disease.

There are different medicines for treating attacks & preventing attacks.

No matter what, multiple sclerosis management is necessary. The goal is always to reduce symptom flare-ups and slow the progression of the disease. With early and aggressive treatment, it is possible to improve the quality of life for people with MS significantly.

How to Prevent Multiple Sclerosis?

One of the essential things that can be done to prevent MS is to get early treatment. If you think you may have MS, it's important to see a doctor as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment can help to prevent or delay the onset of disability from MS. Several lifestyle changes can help to reduce your risk of MS or to manage the symptoms if you have already been diagnosed with the condition. These include:

• Eating a healthy diet
• Getting regular exercise
• Managing stress levels
• Avoiding smoking

If you have a family member with MS, you may be at increased risk of developing the condition yourself. However, this doesn't mean that you will develop MS – only that you have a higher chance than someone who doesn't have a family history of the disease.

Dr. Suresh Reddy, Dr Praveen Changala, Dr J. Gauri Shankar, DR Kalyan Bommakanti, are the best neurologists team trained at reputed institutions, with expertise in cutting-edge medical treatments

For consultations with the best neurologists in hyderabad available, Book an Appointment now.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

How do you know if you have Multiple Sclerosis?

A diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis is made based on a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests.

Who might get Multiple Sclerosis?

Anyone can get Multiple Sclerosis, though it is most often diagnosed in people between the ages of 15 and 60.

How can I relieve Multiple Sclerosis?

Ensure you get plenty of rest, exercise regularly, eat a balanced diet, and manage stress levels to help relieve Multiple Sclerosis symptoms. Don't forget to follow your doctors' advice & take medication regularly as prescribed.

The surgical removal of all or some parts of the thyroid gland is known as a Thyroidectomy. The thyroid gland, located in the front of our neck, is shaped like a butterfly. It secretes hormones that regulate every part of our metabolism, from heart rate to the rate at which calories we burn.

The Thyroidectomy procedure is the primary surgical treatment method for thyroid cancer and is an important option for some thyroid conditions, such as the following:

• Thyroid Nodules:

These are a clump of thyroid cells that form in our thyroid gland. These are mostly harmless (noncancerous). However, sometimes these can produce too much thyroid hormone, causing symptoms.

• Hyperthyroidism:

It is a condition in which the thyroid produces and excretes more hormones than we require. It has many causes, and a Thyroidectomy operation is one of the treatment choices.

• Goitre:

A goitre is a swollen thyroid gland that may or may not have thyroid nodules. If it develops large enough, it can exert pressure on our trachea or food pipe (oesophagus), making breathing more difficult.

Different Types of Thyroidectomy?

We classify Thyroidectomy surgery into two types: total Thyroidectomy and partial Thyroidectomy.

The partial type of Thyroidectomy, which involves the removal of a portion of our thyroid, includes:

• Hemi-Thyroidectomy:

The surgeon will remove one lobe (half) of the thyroid.

• Isthmusectomy:

Surgeons conduct this procedure exclusively for small tumours in the isthmus. Here surgeon removes the thyroid tissue between the two lobes (thyroid isthmus).

• Open thyroid biopsy:

The surgeon will remove a thyroid nodule directly.

In a total or near-total Thyroidectomy, the surgical removal of all or most of the thyroid tissue.

Causes of Thyroidectomy?

Sometimes, Thyroidectomy surgery is recommended for the following conditions:

• The thyroid gland is quite enlarged or dysfunctional.
• There are biopsy results that are clearly cancerous (malignant) or very suspicious.
• A nodule or goitre that is releasing too much thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism), and it is not responsive to other treatments.
• A big nodule or goitre that is squeezing the trachea or oesophagus and makes breathing or swallowing difficult.

Risks & Complications of Thyroidectomy

Here are some risks that the surgeon will review:

1. Risk of bleeding:

The likelihood of bleeding for this operation is around 1 out of every 300 people. To help reduce the chances of bleeding, most surgeons recommend stopping medicines such as aspirin or ibuprofen.

1. Chance of permanent injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve:

This is the nerve that helps move the vocal cords. This nerve is quite small and, unfortunately, travels between the thyroid and the windpipe right where the surgeon will be working. It can be stretched, bruised, or damaged during thyroid surgery.

1. Hypocalcemia:

Hypocalcemia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal decrease in the level of calcium in the bloodstream. The most common symptoms of hypocalcemia include muscle cramps, spasms, and twitching, as well as numbness and tingling in the fingers and toes. In severe cases, hypocalcemia can cause convulsions and confusion.

1. Tracheostomy:

Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure to remove all or part of the thyroid gland. However, it is considered a potential complication because the thyroid gland is located in close proximity to the trachea and larynx, and there is a risk of damage to these structures during surgery.

Diagnosis for Thyroidectomy

Depending upon the causes of Thyroidectomy, the surgeon will ask for the following tests to be done before surgery:

• Imaging tests, like an Ultrasound Scan, or CT scan, may be required to determine the exact location of the abnormal thyroid cell growth during surgery.
• In the case of a lump, a doctor may do a fine-needle aspiration (a sort of needle biopsy) to see if the cell growth is malignant or not.
• Doctors may examine patients' vocal cord function.
• Thyroid Function Test – which is done to know the levels of thyroid hormone.

Thyroidectomy Procedure

Before surgery, an anesthesiologist will administer general anaesthesia to relax the muscles, relieve discomfort, and put the patient to sleep.

After you've been incapacitated, the surgeon makes a small incision in the centre of your neck. It is frequently placed in a skin fold where it will be difficult to see once the incision closes. Based on the case, a surgeon may have to remove a portion of the thyroid, most of the thyroid, or the whole thyroid.

If you have a Thyroidectomy surgery due to thyroid cancer, the surgeon may additionally check and remove the lymph nodes surrounding your thyroid. In some cases, the surgeon employs special equipment to detect vocal cord irritation during the treatment in order to prevent permanent damage.

The Thyroidectomy procedure typically takes 1 to 2 hours. Depending on the severity of the surgery, it may take more or less time.

When done, the surgeon will use stitches to close the wound (sutures).

Thyroidectomy Surgery Cost

Thyroidectomy costs between Rs. 75,000 to Rs. 90,000, including hospitalisation, surgeon's fees, and several other auxiliary services. This pricing range, however, is arbitrary and subject to vary if there are any postoperative complications are found.

Management of Thyroidectomy

Most patients stay in the hospital for 1 night and usually have no surgical drains to remove.

• Pain medications are usually only needed for a day or two.
• Taking 1-2 weeks off from a super strenuous activity like working, driving or running is generally recommended.
• Make sure not to lie around a lot. Since one will experience more pain and swelling, be active.

After surgery, the patient will usually come back to see the surgeon in a few weeks and review any pathology reports. The surgeon will go over all the information and let us know what the recommended follow-up may be.

Patients who have their entire thyroid removed must take daily thyroid hormones. The doctor will calculate the exact dosage initially based on a patient's weight, age, and size and then adjust it according to very sensitive blood tests.

Many thyroid issues, including those for which Thyroidectomy operation is recommended, will require careful follow-up, so understand the follow-up plan for optimal care.

Remember that surgeon and the team will be there in case of advice or help in the future.

In order to find out more and consult with the best endocrinologists in Hyderabad, you could Enquire or Book an appointment at Gleneagles Aware Hospitals, L B Nagar.

FAQs:

What are some of the side effects of Thyroidectomy?

We may experience a painful throat, neck pain, difficulty swallowing, or a weak voice following Thyroidectomy surgery. Doctors will regulate a patient's diet for the evening of the surgery, but it should be back to normal the next day.

Is Thyroidectomy a major surgery?

Thyroidectomy is a routine yet major procedure with significant risks and potential complications. One could be able to find less invasive treatment options.

How is life after a Thyroidectomy?

After any surgery, the body needs time to recover and the incision to heal. Because of the wound and scar, the neck may feel stiff and painful for a few days. After that patient's life will be back to normal.

What is Bladder Cancer?

Bladder cancer is the most common cancer affecting men. It begins in the cells that line the bladder.

The bladder is a hollow organ in the lower abdomen, below the kidneys. The kidneys drain the urine, which gets collected in the bladder. The bladder has flexible walls that stretch when the bladder fills with urine and contract when the bladder is empty.

The bladder is lined with the urothelium tissue that contains the urothelium cells. Bladder cancer happens when these cells grow out of control, multiply, and cause tumours in the bladder. If left untreated, bladder cancer can spread to other organs, such as kidneys and ureters. Bladder cancer is highly treatable if detected early.

Types of Bladder Cancer

There are three types of bladder cancer, depending upon the cells where cancer begins. The doctors decide the line of treatment based on the types of bladder cancer.

The following are the types of bladder cancer:

• Urothelial Carcinoma:

Urothelial carcinoma is a common type of bladder cancer. It happens in the urothelial cells that line the bladder. As these cells line the inside of the urethra and the ureters, Urothelial carcinoma can occur in these organs, too.

• Squamous Cell Carcinoma:

Chronic infection or long-term use of the catheter can irritate the bladder. This can lead to Squamous Cell Carcinoma. This type of cancer is common in places where parasitic infections cause frequent bladder infections.

• Adenocarcinoma:

This is a rare type of bladder cancer. It occurs in the cells that form the mucus-secreting glands in the bladder.

Causes of Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer is caused due to the rapid multiplying of abnormal cells in the bladder. These abnormal cells form tumours and destroy healthy body tissue.

Although researchers are not sure about the reason behind the multiplying of abnormal cells in the bladder that cause bladder cancer, here are some risk factors that increase the chances of developing bladder cancer:

• Bladder infections:

Frequent bladder infections, urinary tract infections and bladder stones put people at a higher risk of squamous carcinoma.

• Long-term use of catheters:

Using catheters for a long time puts people at a higher risk of squamous carcinoma.

• Smoking:

Cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing bladder cancer

• Chemical exposure:

Exposure to chemicals used in paint, dyes, rubber, textiles, and leather may increase the risk of developing bladder cancer in people who work with these chemicals.

• Chemotherapy and radiation:

Chemotherapy drugs and radiation therapy increase the patient's risk of developing bladder cancer.

• Family history:

People with a family history of bladder cancer are at a higher risk of developing bladder cancer.

Symptoms of Bladder Cancer

Symptoms of Bladder Cancer are:

• Frequent urination
• Painful urination
• Burning or tingling sensation during or after urinating
• Blood in the urine
• Frequent bladder infections
• Back pain
• Fatigue

Treatment of Bladder Cancer

Treatment of bladder cancer depends upon the stage of cancer. These are the treatments:

• Chemotherapy in the bladder:

This treatment is for bladder cancer that is confined to the lining of the bladder and which may progress to a higher stage

• Systemic chemotherapy:

Chemotherapy for the whole body to increase the chances of recovery after surgery or when surgery is not possible

• Surgery:

It is conducted to remove the cancer cells

• Radiation:

It is a primary treatment option to destroy cancer cells

• Immunotherapy:

To prompt the immune system to attack the cancer cells either in the body or the bladder

• Targeted therapy:

This is an advanced cancer treatment option when other treatments do not work

Bladder Cancer Stages

Bladder cancer staging means how far the cancer has spread. Doctors prescribe treatment based on the stage.

The stages are:

• Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, where cancer exists only in the inner layer of cells.
• Invasive or muscle-invasive bladder cancer, where the cancer has taken over the deeper layers of the bladder wall.
• Metastatic bladder cancer, where the cancer has spread from the bladder to other organs.

Bladder Cancer Diagnosis

Tests used for bladder cancer diagnosis are:

• Cystoscopy:

A narrow tube is inserted and passed through the urethra to observe the inside of the bladder for signs of cancer.

• Biopsy:

A tissue sample from the bladder is collected to test for cancer.

• Urine cytology:

A urine sample is observed under a microscope to check for cancer cells

• Imaging tests:

Computed Tomography (CT), urogram, or retrograde pyelogram help the doctor examine the urinary tract.

Additional tests may include:

• CT Scan
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging. (MRI)
• Bone Scan
• Chest X-ray
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Bladder Cancer Surgery

Bladder cancer surgery involves the following:

• Transurethral resection of bladder tumour to diagnose cancer and remove cancer in the inner layers of the bladder
• Cystectomy to remove all or part of the bladder
• Neobladder reconstruction creates a new route for urine to leave the body.
• An ileal conduit or a tube to help drain the kidneys into a pouch that's worn on the abdomen
• Constructing the continent urinary reservoir which is a small pouch created to hold the urine inside the body.

Advanced Bladder Cancer Symptoms

Symptoms of advanced bladder cancer are:

• Pain in the abdomen
• Pain in the bones
• Swollen legs
• Inability to urinate
• Lumps in the abdomen
• Breathlessness
• Loss of appetite
• Unexplained weight loss
• Low back pain on one side of the body

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What are the five warning signs of bladder cancer?

Five warning signs that you must take seriously are:

• Hematuria, or blood in the urine
• Frequent urination or difficulty in urinating
• Back pain as a result of blockage of urine flow from the kidney to the bladder
• Pain along the back
• Weakness

What is the latest treatment for bladder cancer?

Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy are the treatments for bladder cancer. The new treatments being tried are the Antibody-drug Conjugate. It is made of a monoclonal antibody linked to a drug, which binds to some proteins found in cancer cells. The linked drug enters these cells and destroys them without harming other cells.

Who might get bladder cancer?

Men above 50, more than women, are more at risk of bladder cancer. People working with harmful chemicals and paints, those with a family history of bladder cancer, and chronic bladder infections are more prone to bladder cancer.

Please book an appointment with our best urologists in Hyderabad at the Gleneagles Aware Hospitals, L B Nagar, Hyderabad, if you or your loved ones are experiencing symptoms of bladder cancer.

Sinusitis, also known as a sinus infection, is a common condition that can cause symptoms like facial pain, pressure, and headaches. It is more common in adults. It affects at least 10% of the child population or about one in every ten children. This condition can be treated initially with antibiotics, pain relievers, and decongestants.

In this article, we’ll discuss the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for both acute and chronic sinusitis.

What is Sinusitis?

Sinusitis is a condition in which the sinuses become inflamed and irritated. The sinuses are the cavities located around the nose, eyes, below the brain, and behind the cheekbones. When these cavities become inflamed, they can cause a variety of symptoms, including a stuffy nose, headaches, and facial pain.

Sinusitis is usually caused by an infection, although allergies or other irritants can also cause it. Treatment of bacterial sinusitis requires antibiotics to clear the infection. Home remedies can also help to relieve the symptoms.

Types of Sinusitis

There are four types of sinusitis: acute sinusitis, subacute sinusitis, chronic sinusitis, and recurrent sinusitis.

1. Acute sinusitis is the most common type of sinusitis. It usually starts with a cold or the flu, leading to a bacterial infection. Acute sinusitis is usually short-lived and resolves on its own within two weeks. However, some people may need antibiotics and supportive medication to clear the infection.
2. Subacute sinusitis develops after a cold or the flu and lasts for four to eight weeks.
3. Chronic sinusitis lasts for more than eight weeks.
4. Recurrent sinusitis occurs when a person has four or more episodes of acute or chronic sinusitis over the course of a year.

Symptoms for Sinusitis

If you have sinusitis, you will likely experience some or all of the following symptoms:

• Pain in your cheeks, forehead, or between your eyes
• A blocked nose or a nose that constantly drips
• Yellow or green mucus from your nose
• A sore throat
• Bad breath
• Headache
• Facial pain
• Cough
• Disturbance in vision

You might also have a fever and feel generally unwell. If you have any of these symptoms for more than a week, it’s time to seek sinus infection treatment from a doctor.

Risks & Complications related to Sinusitis

There are a number of risks and complications of sinusitis. If left untreated, sinusitis can lead to serious health problems like eye and brain-associated complications. Sinusitis can also cause hearing loss and vision problems. In rare cases, it can be fatal.

If you have sinusitis, you must see your doctor to treat the condition properly. With proper treatment, most people recover from it without any complications.

Diagnosis for Sinusitis

It’s not always easy to know if you have sinusitis. Many symptoms are similar to a cold, such as a runny nose, congestion, and sneezing. And some people with sinusitis also have allergies.

To diagnose sinusitis, your doctor will ask about your symptoms and do a physical exam. They may also order tests, such as a CT scan or MRI of your sinuses, to look for signs of infection or inflammation.

Treatment of Sinusitis

There are a number of ways to treat sinusitis, depending on the underlying cause. If the cause is an infection, antibiotics may be prescribed. If allergies trigger the condition, antihistamines and other allergy medications may be recommended. Nasal corticosteroids can also help to reduce inflammation.

If medical treatment does not improve the symptoms, surgery may be an option. The goal of surgery is to improve drainage from the sinuses and relieve pressure on them. There are a number of surgical procedures that can be used to treat sinusitis. The type of surgery that is recommended will depend on the individual patient's situation.

Prevention of Sinusitis

The cause of sinusitis can be a viral infection, such as a cold, or by an allergic reaction to something in the environment, such as pollen. There are several things that people can do for the prevention of sinusitis. These include:

• Avoiding exposure to things that trigger allergies (such as pollen)
• Using a humidifier to keep the air moist
• Nasal wash to flush out the sinuses
• Avoiding environmental irritants (such as smoke)
• Using a nasal spray to keep the nasal passages moist

Gleneagles Aware Hospitals, L B Nagar, is one of the best ENT hospitals in Hyderabad. We offer quality treatment for throat infections and ear infections. We have a top-notch care system for all ear, neck, and throat conditions. We have Dr Vyshnavi Bommakanti one of the best ENT specialists in Chennai, to bring you the most advanced ear care and treatment of nasal conditions and throat-related disorders.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I know if I have sinusitis?

Sinusitis can be suspected if you have facial pain/pressure, congestion/nasal discharge, headache, and a reduced sense of smell and taste. A doctor can diagnose sinusitis by performing a physical exam, examining your symptoms, and performing imaging tests such as a CT scan.

Who might get sinusitis?

Sinusitis is an infection of the sinuses, which can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Anyone can get sinusitis, though it is more common in people with weakened immune systems and those who suffer from allergies or asthma.

What does severe sinusitis feel like?

Bad sinusitis can feel like a real pain in the head. It can cause pressure and pain in the forehead, cheeks, or behind the eyes.

How can I relieve sinusitis pain?

There are a few things you can do to help relieve sinusitis pain: drink lots of fluids; use a humidifier; apply a warm compress to your face, and try over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen.

If your pain is severe or lasts more than a week, you should see a doctor. They may prescribe antibiotics if they think you have a bacterial infection or recommend other treatments like steroids to reduce inflammation.

Cardiothoracic surgery, commonly known as CTV surgery, involves the surgical treatment of organs inside the thoracic cavity. Mainly it includes the treatment of cardiac disorders, disorders related to lungs and other pleural structures.

A large variety of surgeries fall under the category of CTV surgery.

Some of the common CTV surgeries and procedures include:

• Angioplasty -

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), commonly known as balloon angioplasty, is done to restore proper blood flow in the heart by widening the arteries that have been narrowed due to the deposition of fatty plaque.

• Stent placement -

In this procedure, a tiny metal tube or coil, called a stent, is placed inside the narrowed artery to widen it. For this, the healthcare faculty performs an atherectomy or angioplasty to compress or dissect the plaque buildup and pull it out of the artery.

• Ablation -

This technology is primarily used to treat uneven heart rates and irregular cardiac rhythms, also known as arrhythmias. It involves destroying the targeted area of the heart muscle to ease the congestion.

• Pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) -

The implantation of these devices is generally recommended by doctors to cure abnormal heart rhythms and help enable the heart to beat smoothly.

• Open heart surgery -

Open heart surgeries are primarily performed to remove the blockages in the coronary arteries or cure heart valve dysfunction. These surgeries can also cure cardiac defects and heart rhythm disorders.

• Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) -

It is one of the most common types of open heart surgery. A vein from the patient’s leg or an artery from their chest wall is utilized in this surgery to bypass a coronary artery that has been constricted or clogged due to the development of fatty plaque.

• Heart valve repair or replacement -

This type of surgery involves the repair or replacement of defective heart valves of the patient. A faulty heart valve may fail to open and close properly, causing extra strain on the cardiac muscle.

• Ventricular assist device -

It is an artificial pumping device that can be installed in a person suffering from heart failure.

• Heart transplant -

A heart transplant is considered the last resort to save a person suffering from acute heart disorder. It involves replacing the severely dysfunctional heart of the patient with a healthy heart received from a donor.

• Carotid surgery -

Carotid endarterectomy is a simple surgery that involves the removal of plaque in one of the carotid arteries in the neck region. It is the main artery that supplies blood to the brain.

• Aortic surgery -

It is a type of surgical procedure that involves repairing or replacing the aorta, the largest artery in the body. This type of surgery is typically done to treat aortic aneurysms, dissection, and other aortic diseases. Aortic surgery can be done in several ways, including endovascular stent grafting, open repair, or hybrid repair.

By making only a small incision in the chest, minimally invasive heart procedures including valve replacement and CABG are carried out without removing the breast bone. They aid in swift mobilisation and recovery.

Risks and Side Effects Associated with CTV Surgeries

Risks and side effects associated with CTV surgeries include the following-

• Adverse reaction to the anaesthesia used at the time of surgery
• Excessive bleeding at the surgery site
• Infection of the surgery site
• Blood clotting in the brain
• Seizures, strokes, or brain damage
• Heart attack
• Nerves, oesophagus, and windpipe injury
• Deposition f plaque in the arteries

Benefits of CTV Surgeries

CTV surgeries are performed to unfetter the coronary arteries that have been narrowed due to the deposition of fatty plaque. Additionally, they help repair the weak muscles of the heart, treat cardiac defects, and cure problems related to heart rhythm.

How is a CTV Surgery Performed?

The healthcare faculties pitch and follow a plan, primarily depending upon the health requirements of the patient and the type of surgery they will undergo. Some of the common elements of heart surgeries are as follows:

• Administration of anaesthesia -

An anesthesiologist is responsible for administering the required amount of anaesthesia into the patient’s body to make them fall asleep. Due to this, the patient becomes unconscious during the operation and doesn’t feel any pain.

• Keeping the airways open -

An endotracheal tube (ET) is inserted inside the windpipe and throat of the patient. It is connected to a breathing machine commonly known as a ventilator. The ventilator is the artificial lung that performs the function of breathing while the patient lies unconscious. ET tube is attached to the patient for several hours after surgery to ensure proper respiration.

• Chest incision -

The surgeons generally perform a small incision below the mid of the patient’s chest and separate the breastbone (sternum) to reach the heart. After the surgery, the surgeon stitches back the breastbone with wires and heavy sutures and finally sews up the incision.

• Maintaining blood circulation -

During open heart surgeries, the patient's heart is stopped temporarily and restarted after the completion of the procedure. Meanwhile, a heart-lung bypass machine is used, which acts as a pump and performs the function of the heart and lungs. However, some heart surgeries can also be performed on a beating heart. In those cases, the surgery can be performed ‘off-pump,’ i.e., without using a heart-lung machine.

Follow-up Requirements Associated with CTV Surgery?

• The patient is taken to an intensive care unit (ICU) where the healthcare faculties check their blood pressure, wound, respiration rate, and alertness.
• A temporary tube is fixed around the incision area to drain blood or fluid.
• The patient is generally asked to stay in the hospital for a few days after the surgery.

Recovery Procedure

• Follow the doctor’s advice to keep the pain under control.
• Take your medicines on time, as prescribed by the doctor.
• Keep your head propped up on pillows while lying down during the first week to avoid swelling.
• Avoid driving cars or bikes without the doctor’s permission.
• Avoid strenuous activities for some time.

Conclusion

Cardiothoracic surgery, commonly known as CTV surgery, involves surgical treatment of organs present inside the thoracic cavity. Mainly it includes the treatment of cardiac disorders, disorders related to lungs and other pleural structures.

Some common CTV surgeries and procedures include Angioplasty, Stent placement, Ablation, Pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), Open heart surgery, Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), Heart valve repair or replacement, Ventricular assist devices, Heart transplant, Carotid surgery, etc.

CTV surgeries are performed to unfetter the coronary arteries that have been narrowed due to the deposition of fatty plaque. Additionally, they help repair the weak muscles of the heart, treat cardiac defects, and cure problems related to heart rhythm.

It is important to consult with a qualified cardiologist if you experience any symptoms of heart disease or cardiovascular disorder. CTV surgery can range from simple procedures like stent placement and angioplasty to more complex ones like open heart surgery, heart transplantation, and ventricular assist device implantation. With the help of these treatments, many individuals have been able to manage their cardiac disorders and live a normal life.

If you would like to know more about CTV surgery, its treatment options by some of the best cardiologist in Hyderabad, and its cost, please talk to a cardiologist at Gleneagles Aware Hospitals.

Tonsils are lymphoid tissues located at the back of our throat and are part of our body's immune system. The tonsils function as entrance points from the throat, collecting virus and bacterium particles breathed in or swallowed and relaying them to the immune system. Think of them as the door bouncers to our bodies working to keep viruses and bacteria from getting in our mouths.

What is Tonsillitis?

Tonsillitis is a condition that causes inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lumps of tissue in the back of our throat. However, bacteria and viruses can sometimes overwhelm them. This can cause tonsils to swell and become inflamed.

Types of Tonsillitis

There are three main types of tonsillitis, such as:

• Acute Tonsillitis:

Acute means a single episode in which the patient has a fever and pain. These symptoms typically last 3 to 4 days but can linger up to 2 weeks.

• Recurrent Tonsillitis:

This is when tonsillitis occurs more than once a year.

• Chronic Tonsillitis:

Chronic tonsillitis is something in which a patient, throughout the year, has to go through 5 to 6 episodes of acute tonsillitis. The throat gets hampered very often. Bad breath and persistently tender cervical nodes are some of its signs.

Causes of Tonsillitis

Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils typically caused by a viral or bacterial infection, which can lead to suffering. Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus), the bacteria that causes strep throat, is the most prevalent bacterium and the cause of tonsillitis.

When this happens, the tonsil itself becomes infected and starts to get swollen due to inflammation, which leads to a condition known as tonsillitis. Because the tonsils are constantly trapping bacteria, they can become infected relatively easily, especially in kids, resulting in recurrent acute tonsillitis.

Symptoms of Tonsillitis

Having tonsils is not a disease, but tonsil infections or tonsillitis is a trouble for patients. As symptoms of tonsillitis, a patient feels the following:

1. Pain in the throat
2. Faces problems while eating & drinking
3. Chocked throat while having something cold or sour
4. Irritation in the throat with the change in season
5. Fever
6. Headache
7. Swollen glands in our neck

Risks & Complications of Tonsillitis

Tonsillitis risk factors include:

1. Age:

Tonsillitis most commonly affects children, and bacteria-caused tonsillitis is most common in children aged 5 to 15.

1. Frequent contact with germs:

Children of school age frequently interact with their friends and are frequently exposed to viruses or germs that might cause tonsillitis.

Inflammation or swelling caused by frequent or ongoing (chronic) tonsillitis can cause severe complications of tonsillitis, such as:

1. Sleep breathing problems (obstructive sleep apnea)
2. Infection that spreads deep into surrounding tissue (tonsillar cellulitis)
3. Infection that leads to a pus accumulation behind a tonsil (peritonsillar abscess)

Diagnosis for Tonsillitis

Medical management of tonsillitis starts with a diagnosis. Diagnosis is based on the physical examination of our throat. A doctor may also take a throat culture by gently swabbing the back of the throat. The culture will be sent to a laboratory to identify the bacteria causing the throat infection.

A doctor may require some tests to find the causes of tonsillitis or the type of tonsillitis. They are as follows:

1. A throat swab:

A doctor will examine our saliva and throat cells for strep bacteria. They'll clean the back of our throat using a cotton swab. This may be unpleasant, but it will not harm. Typically, results are ready in 10 to 15 minutes.

1. Rash:

The doctor will examine us for scarlatina, a rash associated with a strep throat infection.

1. Blood Test:

A complete blood cell count (CBC) checks for high and low blood cell counts to determine whether a virus or bacteria caused tonsillitis.

Treatment of Tonsillitis

A minor case of tonsillitis does not always demand treatment, especially if a virus causes it. Good rest and remaining well hydrated are treatments of choice in such cases. Painkiller medicines can be added to relieve throat pain.

The treatment of tonsillitis includes the following:

Antibiotics

If the cause of our tonsillitis is a bacterial infection, the doctor will order antibiotics. The most popular antibiotic treatment for tonsillitis caused by group A streptococcus is penicillin, administered orally for ten days. The doctor will order an alternative antibiotic if our child is allergic to penicillin.

Surgical Management Of Tonsillitis

The surgery for tonsillitis is known as tonsillectomy. In tonsillectomy, we use some instruments in which Radiofrequency & coblator have pretty good results. Because of these, patients feel less pain after surgery and bleeding during surgery is also very less.

If removed from the body, tonsils do not affect or create any deficiency in the body. If we have frequent throat problems after having cold or sour food, the advice would be to consult and discuss with a nearby ENT surgeon.

At-Home Treatment

1. Rest as much as possible to speed up the recovery process.
2. By adding moisture to the air, keeping our humidifier on while we sleep can help prevent dry air from irritating our throats further.
3. To relieve the discomfort of tonsillitis, use throat lozenges to calm a sore throat.
4. Raw honey has anti-inflammatory effects, and drinking tea with honey will ease our symptoms of tonsillitis.

Prevention Of Tonsillitis

The easiest way to prevention of tonsillitis is to practise good hygiene, which includes:

1. Handwashing frequently
2. Not sharing food, drink, utensils, or personal goods like toothbrushes
3. Avoiding those who have a sore throat or tonsillitis

Vaccination can also help prevent certain types of tonsillitis. It is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle and seek prompt medical attention if one has symptoms of tonsillitis.

To ensure the best prevention measures, book an appointment today. At Gleneagles Aware Hospital in L.B. Nagar, you can find top-rated doctors and specialists who can diagnose and treat Tonsillitis effectively.

Delivering exceptional healthcare is a way of life at the best ENT Hospital in Hyderabad, Gleneagles Aware Hospital, Hyderabad. Contact us today.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs):

What should we not do when afflicted with tonsillitis?

Eating hard or biting foods can be uncomfortable and even painful for persons suffering from symptoms of tonsillitis. Hard foods can scratch the throat, causing irritation and inflammation.

How long does tonsillitis last?

Symptoms normally disappear after 3 to 4 days. Tonsillitis is not communicable. However, most infections cause it, such as colds and flu.

Is tonsilitis a serious condition?

Most cases of viral tonsillitis resolve within a few days with fluids and rest. Antibiotics typically cure bacterial tonsillitis (strep throat) in 10 days. However, rarely does it cause major or long-term health consequences.